Susceptibility Alleles for Testicular Germ Cell Tumor

Chapter
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Abstract

A family history of Testicular Germ Cell Tumor (TGCT) is among the strongest and most well-documented risk factors for TGCT (Forman et al. 1992; Westergaard et al. 1996; Heimdal et al. 1996; Sonneveld et al. 1999; Hemminki and Li 2004). In a proportion of cases (∼2%), a first-degree family member is also affected with the disease (Forman et al. 1992). The relative risk to a brother of a TGCT case is 8–10 and between fathers and sons is 4–6 (Forman et al. 1992; Heimdal et al. 1996; Hemminki and Li 2004). This relative risk is higher than for most other cancer types, which are commonly 2 and rarely exceed 4 (Dong and Hemminki 2001). The high relative risk suggests that susceptibility genes are involved in the etiology of TGCT, which cannot be accounted for solely by shared environmental factors.

Keywords

Testicular Germ Cell Tumor High Relative Risk Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Testicular Microlithiasis Shared Environmental Factor 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Brookes-Lawley Building, Sutton, Section of Cancer GeneticsInstitute of Cancer Research, Cancer Genetics UnitBelmont, SuttonUK

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