Apoptotic Chromatin Changes

  • Gáspár Bánfalvi
Chapter

Summary

The tertiary structure of eukaryotic DNA is known as the nucleosomal organization in eukaryatic cells. Chromatin folding beyond the level of nucleosomes was not revealed. Only the end product of chromosome condensation, namely the structure of the metaphase chromosome is known. All other structures between the nucleosomal “beads on string” and the metaphase are hypothetical ones, most of them deduced from metaphase chromosomes. Consequently, early genotoxic changes at the structural level of chromatin could not be followed earlier. As far as intermediates of chromatin condensation are concerned we have characterized the major structural forms in mammalian and in Drosophila cells. These forms included the most decondensed veiled chromatin at the unset of S phase followed by depolarized, supercoiled, fibrous, ribboned chromatin in the first half of the S phase, chromatin bodies (earliest globular forms of chromosomes), elongated bent forms, precondensed and condensed linear forms of chromosomes in mid and lates S phase. By the time genotoxic effects led to apoptosis the whole nuclear material was degraded. Apoptotic changes have not been previously characterized at the chromatin level in interphase nuclei. This chapter analyzes the structural effects of apoptosis induced under genotoxic conditions including chemical effect, heavy metal treatment, γ and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation.

Keywords

K562 Cell Chromatin Structure Irradiate Cell Cell Culture Density Cadmium Treatment 
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009

Authors and Affiliations

  • Gáspár Bánfalvi
    • 1
  1. 1.Institute of Biology and EcologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecen 4010

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