Development of the Distributed Brillouin Sensors for Health Monitoring of Civil Structures

  • Xiaoyi Bao
  • Liang Chen
Conference paper
Part of the NATO Science for Peace and Security Series book series (NAPSB)

The progress of the distributed fiber sensors based on Brillouin scattering has been reviewed, the system limitation and improvement of spatial resolution using the different signal processing schemes and the simultaneous monitoring of temperature and strain have been summarized. The applications of distributed Brillouin sensors for structural health monitoring are provided.

Keywords

Fiber optical sensors Brillouin scattering structural health monitoring the temperature and strain sensors 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Afshar, V.S., Ferrier, G.A., Bao, X., Chen, L. (2003). Effect of the finite extinction ratio of an electro-optic modulator on the performance of distributed probe-pump Brillouin sensor systems. Opt. Lett., 28, 1418-1420.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  2. Alahbabi, M.N., Cho, Y.T., Newson, T.P. (2006). Long-range distributed temperature and strain optical fibre sensor based on the coherent detection of spontaneous Brillouin scattering with in-line Raman amplification. Meas. Sci. Technol., 17, 1082-1090.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  3. Bao, X., Webb, D.J., Jackson, D.A. (1993). 32-km distributed temperature sensor based on Brillouin loss in an optical fiber. Optics Letters, 18, 1561-1563.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  4. Bao, X., Webb, D.J., Jackson, D.A. (1994). Combined distributed temperature and strain sensor based on Brillouin loss in an optical fiber. Optics Letters, 19, 141-142.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  5. Bao, X., Webb, D.J., Jackson, D.A. (1996). Distributed temperature sensor based on “Brillouin loss in an optical fiber for transient threshold monitoring”, Can J. Phys., 74, 1-3.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  6. Bao, X., Yu, Q., Chen, L. (2004). Simultaneous strain and temperature measurements with PM fibers and their error analysis using distributed Brillouin loss system. Optics Letters, 29, 1341-1344.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  7. Bao, X., Brown, A., DeMerchant, M., Smith, J. (1999). Characterization of the Brillouin-loss spectrum of single-mode fibers by use of very short (<10-ns) pulses. Optics Letters, 24, 510-512.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  8. Bao, X., Yu, Q., Kalosha, V.P., Chen, L. (2006). The influence of prolonged phonon relaxation on the Brillouin loss spectrum for the nanosecond pulses. Opt. Lett. 31, April 888-890.Google Scholar
  9. Bao, X., Dhliwayo, J., Heron, N., Webb, D.J., Jackson, D.A. (1995). Experimental and theoretical studies on a distributed temperature sensor based on Brillouin scattering. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 13, 1340-1348.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  10. Bao, X., DeMerchant, M.D., Brown, A., Bremner, T.W. (2001). Tensile and Compressive Strain Measurement in the Lab and Field With the Distributed Brillouin Scattering Sensor. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 19, 1698-1704.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  11. Boyd, R.W. (2003). Nonlinear Optics. Academic Press (Second edition). Chap. 8.Google Scholar
  12. Brown, A., DeMerchant, M., Bao, X., Bremner, T.W. (1999). Spatial resolution enhancement of a Brillouin distributed sensor using a novel signal processing method. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., 17, 1179-1183.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  13. Chen, O., Wan, Y., Zou, L., Bao, X., Chen, L. (2004). Development of the offset locking based distributed sensor. Photonics North, Ottawa.Google Scholar
  14. Culshaw, B., (2004). Optical fiber sensor technologies: opportunities and-perhaps-pitfalls. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 22, 39-50.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  15. Culverhouse, D., Farahi, F., Pannell, C.N., Jackson, D.A. (1989). Potential of stimulated Brillouin scattering as sensing mechanism for distributed temperature sensors. Electronics Letters, 25, 913-915.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. DeMerchant, M.D., Brown, A., Bao, X., and Bremner, T.W. (1999). Structural Monitoring by use of a Brillouin Distributed Sensor. Applied Optics, 38, 2755-2759.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  17. Doi, Y., Fukushima, S., Ohno, T., Yoshino, K. (2001). Frequency stabilization of millimeterwave subcarrier using laser heterodyne source and optical delay line. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 13, No. 9. 1002-1004.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  18. Fellay, A., Thévenaz, L., Facchini, M., Niklès, M., Robert, P. (1997). Distributed sensing using stimulated Brillouin scattering: towards ultimate resolution. OSA Technical Digest Series, 16, 324-327.Google Scholar
  19. Ferrier, G., Bao, X., Zou, L., Chen, L. (2004). Distributed Brillouin temperature spectra measurement without frequency scanning for dynamic process monitoring. SPIE Smart Structures/NDE Joint Conference, Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Aerospace Materials and Composites III, San Diego, California USA. V. 5393-10. pages: 66-75.Google Scholar
  20. Horiguchi, T., Tateda, M. (1989). Optical-fiber-attenuation investigation using stimulated Brillouin scattering between a pulse and a continuous wave. Optics Letters, 14, 408-410.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  21. Horiguchi, T., Kurashima, T., Tateda, M. (1989). Tensile strain dependence of Brillouin frequency shift in silica optical fibers. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1, 107-108.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  22. Horiguchi, T., Kurashima, T., Tateda, M., Ishihara, K., Wakui, Y. (1992). Brillouin characterization of optical fiber strain in bent slot-type optical-fiber cable. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 10, 1196-1201.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  23. Horiguchi, T., Shimizu, K., Kurashima, T., Tateda, M., Koyamada, Y. (1995). Development of a distributed sensing technique using Brillouin scattering. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 13, 1296-1302.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  24. Hotate, K., Hasegawa, T. (1998). Measurement of Brillouin Gain Spectrum Distribution along an Optical Fiber with a High Spatial Resolution using a Novel Correlation-Based Technique - Demonstration of 45 cm spatial resolution. OSA Technical Digest Series 16, 337-340.Google Scholar
  25. Hotate, K., Hasegawa, T. (2000). Measurement of Brillouin gain spectrum distribution along an optical fiber with a high spatial resolution using a correlation-based technique Proposal, experiment and simulation, IEICE Trans. Electron., E83 C(3), pp. 405-411.Google Scholar
  26. Hotate, K., Tanaka, M. (2002). Distributed fiber Brillouin strain sensing with 1cm spatial resolution by correlation-based continuous-wave Technique, IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 179-181.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  27. Huai, H.K., Lees, G.P., Newson, T.P. (2000). All-fiber system for simultaneous interrogation of distributed strain and temperature sensing by spontaneous Brillouin scattering. Optics Letters, 25, 695-697.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  28. Kalosha, V.P., Ponomarev, E., Chen, L., Bao, X. (2006). “How to obtain high spectral resolution of SBS-based distributed sensing by using nanosecond pulses,” Opt. Express, 14, 2071-2078.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  29. Kurashima, T., Horiguchi, T., Tateda, M. (1990). Distributed-temperature sensing using stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical silica fibers. Optics Letters, 15, 1038-1040.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  30. Lecoeuche, V., Webb, D.J., Pannell, C.N., and Jackson, D.A. (1999). Transient response in high-resolution Brillouin-based distributed sensing using probe pulses shorter than the acoustic relaxation time. Opt. Lett. 25, 156-158.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  31. Li, Y., Zhang, F., Yoshino, T. (2003). Wide temperature-range Brillouin and Rayleigh optical-time-domain reflectometry in a dispersion-shifted fibre. Applied Optics, 42, 3772-3775.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  32. Maughan, S.M., Kee, H.H., Newson, T.P. (2001). 57-km single-ended spontaneous Brillouin-based distributed fiber temperature sensor using microwave coherent detection, Optics Letters, 26, 331-333.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  33. Murayama, H., Kageyama, K., Naruse, H., Shimada, A., and Uzawa, K. (2003). Application of fibre-Optic distributed sensors to health monitoring for full-scale composite structures. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 14, 3-13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Ohno, H., Naruse, H., Kihara, M., Shimada, A. (2001). Industrial Applications of the BOTDR Optical Fiber Strain Sensor. Optical Fiber Technology, 7, 45-64.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  35. Parker, T.R., Farhadiroushan, M., Feced, R., Habderek, V.A. (1998). Simultaneous distributed measurement of strain and temperature from noise-initiated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 34, 645-659.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  36. Ravet, F., Bao, X. (2006a). Signatures of structure failure using asymmetric and broadening factors of Brillouin spectrum, IEEE Photonics Technology Lett. 18, January-February 394-396.Google Scholar
  37. Ravet, F., Bao, X., Yu, Q., Chen, L. (2005). Criterion for sub-pulse-length resolution and minimum frequency shift in distributed Brillouin sensors. IEEE Photon. Techno. Lett. 17, 1504-1506.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  38. Ravet, F., Zou, L., Bao, X., Chen, L., Huang, R.F., Khoo, H.A. (2006b). Detection of buckling in steel pipeline and column by the distributed Brillouin sensor, Optic Fiber Technology, V. 12, 305-311.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  39. Ravet, F. (2007). Brillouin spectrum properties and their implications on the distributed Brillouin sensor. Ph.D Thesis.Google Scholar
  40. Snoddy, J., Li, Y., Ravet, F., Bao, X. (2006). Stabilization of EOM bias voltage drift using lock-in amplifier and PID controller in distributed Brillouin sensor system. Applied Optics. In press.Google Scholar
  41. Tateda, M., Horiguchi, T., Kurashima, T., Ishihara, K. (1990). First measurement of strain distribution along field-installed optical fibers using Brillouin spectroscopy. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 8, 1269-1273.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  42. Tennyson, R.C., Coroy, T., Duck, G., Manuelpillai, G., Mulhivill, P., Cooper, D. J.F., Smith, P.W.E., Mufti, A.A., Jalali, J.J. (2000). Fibre optic sensors in civil engineering structures. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 27, 880-889.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. Thevenaz, L., Pellaux, J.P., Von der Weid, J.P. (1988). All-fiber interferometer for chromatic dispersion measurements. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 6, 1-7.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  44. Thévenaz, L., Niklès, M., Fellay, A., Facchini, M., Robert, P. (1998). Truly distributed strain and temperature sensing using embedded optical fibers. Proc. SPIE 3330, 301-314.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  45. Yu, Q., Bao, X., Chen, L. (2004). Temperature dependence of Brillouin frequency, power and bandwidth in Panda, Bow tie and Tiger PM fibers. Opt. Lett. 29, 17-19.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  46. Yu, Q., Bao, X., Ravet, F., Chen, L. (2005). A simple method to identify the spatial resolution better than pulse length with high strain accuracy. Opt. Lett. 30, No. 17, 2215-2217.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  47. Zeng, X., Bao, X., Chhoa, C.Y., Bremner, T.W., Brown, A.W., DeMerchant, M.D., Ferrier, G., Kalamkarov A.L., Georgiades, A.V. (2002). Strain measurement in a concrete beam by use of the Brillouin-scattering-based distributed fibre sensor with single-mode fibers embedded in glass fibre reinforced polymer rods and bonded to steel reinforcing bars. Applied Optics, 41, 5105-5114.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  48. Zou, L., Bao, X., Afshar, S., Chen, L. (2004). Dependence of the Brillouin frequency shift on strain and temperature in a photonic crystal fibre. Optics Letters, 29, 1485-1487.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  49. Zou, L., Bao, X., Chen, L. (2003). Study of the Brillouin scattering spectrum in photonic crystal fiber with Ge-doped core. Opt. Lett., 28, 2022-2024.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  50. Zou, L., Bao, X., Ravet, F., Chen, L. (2006). Distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensor for detecting pipeline buckling in an energy pipe under internal pressure. Applied Optics, 45, No. 14, 3372-3377.CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, B.V 2008

Authors and Affiliations

  • Xiaoyi Bao
    • 1
  • Liang Chen
    • 1
  1. 1.Physics DepartmentUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada

Personalised recommendations