Creating Knowledge from the Confrontation of Observations and Models: The Case of Stratospheric Ozone

  • G. P. Brasseur
  • G. P. Brasseur
Part of the Advances in Global Change Research book series (AGLO, volume 33)

Abstract

Through three examples taken from the history of ozone research, this paper illustrates that knowledge has been created by using simultaneously different approaches and methodologies, and by confronting the information resulting from laboratory studies, observational programs and modeling activities. New knowledge on chemical and dynamical processes in the atmosphere has been produced from detailed studies of the vertical and meridional ozone distributions in the stratosphere, and from investigations on the cause of the formation of the Antarctic ozone hole.

Keywords

Ozone Concentration Planetary Wave Stratospheric Ozone Lower Stratosphere Ozone Column 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Andrews, T., 1856: On the constitution and properties of ozone. Proc. Roy. Soc., 7, 498.Google Scholar
  2. Bates D. R. and M. Nicolet, 1950: The photochemistry of atmospheric water vapor. J. Geophys. Res., 55, 301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Brewer, A. W., 1949: Evidence of a world circulation provided by measurements of helium and water vapor distribution in the stratosphere. Quart. J. Meteorol. Soc., 75, 351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Brix, P. A. and G. Hezrberg, 1953: The dissociation energy of oxygen. J. Chem. Phys., 21, 2240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Cabannes, J. and J. Dufay, 1925: Mesure de l’altitude de la couche d’ozone dans l’atmosphère. Comptes Rendus, Acad. Sci., Paris, 181, 302.Google Scholar
  6. Cabannes, J. and J. Dufay, 1927: Mesure de l’altitude et de l’épaisseur de la couche d’ozone dans l’atmosphère. J. Phys. Rad., 8, 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Callis, L. B. and M. Natarajan, 1986: The Antarctic ozone minimum:relationship to odd nitrogen, odd chlorine, the final warming and the 11-yeqar solar cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 10771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Chapman, S., 1930: A theory of upper-atmosphere ozone. Memoirs of the R. Meteorol. Soc, vol III(26), 103.Google Scholar
  9. Charney, J. G. and P. G. Drazin, 1961: Propagation of planetary-scale disturbances from the lower into the upper atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 66, 83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Chubachi, S., 1985: A special ozone observation at Syowa station, Antarctica, from February 1982 to January 1983. In: Atmospheric Ozone. Proc. Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, C. S. Zerfos and A. Ghazi, eds., 285–289, D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht.Google Scholar
  11. Cornu, A., 1879: Sur la limite ultra-violette du spectre solaire a diverses altitudes. Comptes Rendus, Acad. Sci., Paris, 88, 1101, 1285.Google Scholar
  12. Crutzen, P. J., 1970: The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Crutzen, P. J., J. U. Gross, C. Bruehl, R. Mueller, and J. M. Russell, 1995: Reevaluation of the ozone budget with HALOE URAS data – No evidence for the ozone deficit. Science, 268, 705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. de la Rive, M., 1845: Sur l’ozone. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, 20, 1291.Google Scholar
  15. Dobson, G. M. B., 1929: Atmospheric ozone. Gerlands Beitr. Geophys., 24, 8.Google Scholar
  16. Dobson, G. M. B., 1956: Origin and distribution of the polyatomic molecules in the atmosphere. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A, 236, 187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Dobson, G. M. B., H. H. Kimball, and E. Kidson, 1930: Measurements of the amount of ozone in the earth’s atmosphere and its relation to other geophysical conditions, Part IV. Proc. R. Soc., London, Ser. A, 129, 411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Fabry, C. and H. Buisson, 1913: L’apsorption de l’ultraviolet par l’ozone et la limite du spectre solaire. J. Phys., 3, 196.Google Scholar
  19. Fabry, C. and H. Buisson, 1921: Etude de l’extrémité ultraviolette du spectre solaire. J. Phys. Radium, 6(2), 197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Farman, J. C., B. G. Gardiner, and J. D. Shanklin, 1985: Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction. Nature, 315, 207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Götz, F. W. P., 1931: Zum Strahlungsklima des Spitzbergensommers. Strahlungs- und Ozonmessungen in der Konigsbucht 1929. Gerlands Beitr. Geophys., 31, 119.Google Scholar
  22. Götz, F. W. P., 1934b: Über die Deutung der Umkehreffektes bei Messungen des atmospharischen Ozons. Zeit. Astrophys., 8, 267.Google Scholar
  23. Götz F. W. P. and G. M. B. Dobson, 1928: Observations of the height of the ozone in the upper atmosphere. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Series A, 120(785), 251–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Götz F. W. P. and G. M. B. Dobson, 1929: Observations of the height of the ozone in the upper atmosphere. Part II. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Series A, 125(797), 292–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Götz, F. W. P., G. M. B. Dobson, and A. R. Meetham, 1933: Vertical distribution of ozone in the atmosphere. Nature, 132, 281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Götz, F. W. P., A. R. Meetham, and G. M. B. Dobson, 1934a: The vertical distribution of ozone in the atmosphere. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A, 145, 416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Hampson, J., 1964: Photochemical behavior of the ozone layer, Tech. Note 1627/64, CARDE, Valcartier, Quebec.Google Scholar
  28. Hampson, J., 1966: Chemiluminescent emissions observed in the stratosphere and mesosphere. In: Les Problemes Météorologiques de la Stratosphere et de la Mesosphere, M. Nicolet, ed., Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 393 pp.Google Scholar
  29. Hartley, W. N., 1881a: On the absorption spectrum of ozone. J. Chem. Soc., 39, 57.Google Scholar
  30. Hartley, W. N., 1881b: On the absorption of solar rays by atmospheric ozone. J. Chem. Soc., 39, 111.Google Scholar
  31. Hays, P. B. and R. G. Roble, 1973: Observation of mesospheric ozone at low latitudes. Planet. Space Sci., 21, 273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. Hofmann, D. J., S. J. Oltmans, W. D. Komhyr, J. M. Harris, J. A. Lathrop, A. O. Langford, T. Deshler, B. J. Johnson, A. Torres, and W. A. Matthews, 1994: Ozne loss in the lower stratosphere over the United States in 1992–1993: evidence for heterogeneous chemistry on the Pinatubo aerosol. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. Houzeau, A., 1858: Preuve de la présence dans l’atmosphère d’un nouveau principe gazeux, l’oxygène naissant. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, 46, 89.Google Scholar
  34. Johnston, H. S., 1971: Reduction of stratospheric ozone by nitrogen oxide catalysts from supersonic transport exhaust. Science, 173, 517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. Khosravi, R., G. Brasseur, A. Smith, D. Rusch, J. Water, and J. Russell III, 1998: Significant reduction in the ozone deficit: a 3-D model study using UARS data. J. Geophys. Res., 103(16), 203.Google Scholar
  36. Marignac, C. 1845: Sur la nature et la production de l’ozone. Arch. Electricité, Geneva, 5, 5.Google Scholar
  37. Matsuno, T., 1970: Vertical propagation of stationary planetary waves in the northern hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 871.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. McCormick, M. P., H. M. Steele, P. Hamill, W. P. Chu, and T. J. Swissler, 1982: Polar stratospheric cloud sightings by SAM II. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. McIntyre, M. E., 1993: On the role of wave propagation and wave breaking in atmosphere-ocean dynamics. In: Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 1992, S. R. Bodner et al., eds., Elsevier, 281–304.Google Scholar
  40. Molina, L. T. and M. J. Molina, 1987: Production of Cl2O2 from the self reaction of ClO radical. J. Phys. Chem., 91, 433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Molina, M. J. and F. S. Rowland, 1974: Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atom-catalyzed destruction of ozone. Nature, 249, 810.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Olding, W., 1861: Manual of Chemistry, descriptive and theoretical, Part 1, Longman Green, London.Google Scholar
  43. Rawcliffe, R. D., G. E. Meloy, R. M. Friedman, and E. H. Rogers, 1963: Measurement of vertical distribution of ozone from polar orbiting satellite. J. Geophys. Res., 68, 6425.Google Scholar
  44. Regener, E. and V. H. Regener, 1934: Aufnahme des ultravioletten Sonnenspektrums in der Stratosphäre und die vertikale Ozonverteilung. Phys. Zeit., 35, 788.Google Scholar
  45. Schöenbein, 1840: Recherches sur la nature de l’odeur qui se dégage de certaines réactions chimiques. Comptes Rendus, Acad. Sci., Paris, 10, 706.Google Scholar
  46. Solomon, S., R. R. Garcia, F. S. Rowland, and D. J. Wuebbles, 1986: On the depletion of Antarctic ozone. Nature, 321, 755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. Soret, J. L., 1868: Recherches sur la densité de l’ozone. Ann. Chim. Phys., Paris, 13, 257.Google Scholar
  48. Stolarski, R. S. and R. J. Cicerone, 1974: Stratospheric chlorine: a possible sink for ozone. Can. J. Chem., 52, 1610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. Tung, K. K., M. K. W. Ko, J. M. Rodriguez, and N. D. Sze, 1986: Are Antarctic ozone variations a manifestation of dynamics or chemistry? Nature, 333, 811.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. Venkateswaran, S. V., Krueger, A. J., and Moore, J. G., 1961: Determination of the vertical distribution of ozone by satellite photometry. J. Geophys. Res., 66, 1751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. Volz, A. and D. Kley, 1988: Evaluation of the Montsouris series of ozone measurements made in the nineteenth century. Nature, 332, 240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. Wofsy, S. C., M. B. McElroy, and Y. L. Yung, 1975: The chemistry of stratospheric bromine. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2, 215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science + Business Media B.V 2008

Authors and Affiliations

  • G. P. Brasseur
  • G. P. Brasseur
    • 1
  1. 1.National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderUSA

Personalised recommendations