Empire

  • S. J. Gunn
Chapter
Part of the British History in Perspective book series (BHP)

Abstract

‘This realm of England is an empire …’ asserted the act in restraint of appeals in 1533, ‘governed by one supreme head and king having the dignity and royal estate of the imperial crown of the same’. It was a claim to the highest form of jurisdictional autonomy conceivable: as the Canterbury convocation put it in 1536, rulers exercising ‘Imperium merum … have the whole entire supreme government and authority over all their subjects without knowledge or recognising of any other supreme power or authority’. Indeed it stretched the bounds of the authority of the secular state beyond what many of Henry VIII’s subjects would previously have found conceivable, substituting royal for papal jurisdiction over the English church. Yet it purported to be doing nothing new. The act’s preamble argued that ‘divers sundry old authentic histories and chronicles’ showed that England ‘so hath been accepted in the world’. And it left the exact relationship between church and state and the nature of royal power unclear for generations to come. As such it may stand as a symbol of the expanding ambitions of those who governed Tudor England, of the sources of those ambitions and of the arguments used to justify them, and of the extent to which those ambitions were, or were not, realised in the extension of royal power into new areas of national life.1

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Copyright information

© S. J. Gunn 1995

Authors and Affiliations

  • S. J. Gunn
    • 1
  1. 1.Merton CollegeOxfordUK

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