Cultural Competence and Scientific Knowledge

  • Harry Collins

Abstract

An important contribution to the study of expertise has come from the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge. We have selected an excerpt from Harry Collins’ book Artificial Experts: Social Knowledge and Intelligent Machines (MIT Press, 1990) to represent this body of work. This introduction locates the paper within its broader intellectual framework.

Keywords

Scientific Knowledge Gravity Wave Versus Versus Versus Tacit Knowledge Cultural Competence 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  1. COLLINS, H. M. (1974) ‘The TEA Set: Tacit Knowledge and Scientific Networks’. Social Studies of Science, Vol. 4, pp. 165–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. COLLINS, H. M. and HARRISON, R. (1975) ‘Building a TEA Laser: The Caprices of Communication’. Social Studies of Science, Vol. 5, pp. 441–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. COLLINS, H. M. (1981a) ‘Stages in the Empirical Programme of Relativism’, Social Studies of Science, Vol. 11, pp. 3–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. COLLINS, H. M. (1981b) ‘Son of Seven Sexes: The Social Destruction of a Physical Phenomenon’, Social Studies of Science Vol. 11, pp. 33–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. COLLINS, H. M. (1982) ‘The Replication of Experiments in Physics’, in Barnes, B. and Edge, D. (eds) Science in Context (Milton Keynes: Open University Press) pp. 94–116.Google Scholar
  6. COLLINS, H. M. (1985) Changing Order (London: Sage) Reprinted 1992.Google Scholar
  7. COLLINS, H. M. and PINCH, T. J. (1993) The Golem: What Everyone Should Know about Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
  8. DREYFUS, H. L. and DREYFUS, S. E. (1986) Mind over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer (New York: Free Press).Google Scholar
  9. DREYFUS, H. L. (1993) What Computers Still Can’t Do (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
  10. GARFINKEL, H. (nd) ‘A Comparison of Decisions Made on Four Pre-Theoretical Problems by Talcott Parsons and Alfred Schutz’, Unpublished MS.Google Scholar
  11. GARFINKEL, H. (1991) ‘Respecification: evidence for locally produced, naturally accountable phenomena of order, logic, reason, meaning, method, etc. in and as of the essential haecceity of immortal ordinary society (1) — an announcement of studies’, in Button, G. (ed.), Ethnomethodology and the Human Sciences (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp. 10–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. JONES, B. (1984) ‘The division of labor and the distribution of tacitknowledge in the automation of metal machining’, in Martin, T. (ed.), Design Of Work in Automated Manufacturing Systems (New York: St Martin’s Press).Google Scholar
  13. JONES, B. and WOOD, S. (1985) ‘Tacit Skills, Division of Labor and New Technology’, Sociology Du Travail pp. 407–22.Google Scholar
  14. KUSTERER, K. C. (1978) Know How On The Job: The Important Working Knowledge of ‘Unskilled’ Workers (Boulder: Westview Press).Google Scholar
  15. LAZONICK, W and BRUSH, T. (1985) “The Horndal effect” in early US manufacturing’. Explorations in Economic History, 22 pp. 53–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. LIVINGSTON, E. (1986) The Ethnomethodological Foundations of Mathematics (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul).Google Scholar
  17. McKENNA, R. (1962) The Sand Pebbles (NY: Harper & Row).Google Scholar
  18. ORR, J. (1987) mimeo, now appears as Orr, J. (1996) Talking About Machines: The Ethnography of a Modem Job (ILR Press/Cornell UP).Google Scholar
  19. PARKER, S. (no date) Slot Machines (Las Vegas: Nevada Publications) p. 45.Google Scholar
  20. PICKERING, A. (ed.) (1992) Science as Practice and Culture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
  21. POLANYI, M. (1958) Personal Knowledge (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul).Google Scholar
  22. POPPER, K. R. (1959) The Logic of Scientific Discovery (New York: Harper & Row).Google Scholar
  23. SCHUTZ, A. (1964) Collected Papers — Volume Two (The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff).Google Scholar
  24. SHAPIN, S. and SCHAFFER, S. (1987) Leviathan and the Air Pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the Experimental Life (Princeton: Princeton UP).Google Scholar
  25. SLACK, R. S. (1996) ‘Varieties of Sociological Reflexivity’, unpublished PhD Thesis (Department of Sociology: University of Manchester).Google Scholar
  26. SOKAL, A. (1996) ‘Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity’, Social Text, Nos 46–7, pp. 217–52.Google Scholar
  27. SUCHMAN, L. A. (1987) Plans and Situated Actions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Harry Collins (and Roger S. Slack) 1998

Authors and Affiliations

  • Harry Collins

There are no affiliations available

Personalised recommendations