Abstract
Integrated circuits (ICs) have their origin in the development of the solid-state equivalent of the thermionic valve — the transistor. Bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) were first developed in the late 1940s by Brattin, Bardeen and Schockley at Bell Laboratories, although point contact diodes (‘cats whiskers’) were in use before the Second World War, and the field effect transistor had been proposed but not successfully realized in the early 1930s.
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Copyright information
© P. R. Shepherd 1996