Abstract
Design thinking is thinking in variety and in new semantic and material combinations. To think about the possibilities, the designer needs to liberate himself from routines of perception. This liberation is the basis for all innovative design. Taking into account the dominant role of a deliberately orientated perception in the creative design process, we consider design as a Perception-in-Action Process. The name of our model is based on the methodological design paradigm proposed by Schön, the ‘Reflective Practice’ with it’s Reflection-in-Action Process. The Perception-in-Action Process is divided into five procedures which are not linear but intersecting each other: the perception of the task, the perception of a new perspective, the perception of new semantic combinations, the perception in prototyping and the perception of users’ reaction. At the end of the paper we will identify some strategies to develop students’ perception in design education.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Archer B, (1965) Systematic Method for designers. London: The Design Council
Bürdek BE, (2005) Design. Geschichte, Theorie und Praxis der Produktgestaltung. Basel, Boston, Berlin: Birkhäuser-Verlag für Architektur
Cross N, (1989) Engineering Design Methods: Strategies for Product Design. Chichester: Wiley
Cross N, Dorst K, Roozenburg N, (Eds.) (1992) Research in Design Thinking. Delft: Delft University Press
Dewey J, (1997) How we Think. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications [orig. 1910]
Dorst K, (1997) Describing Design, A Comparison of Paradigms. Delft: Delft University Press
Dorst K, Cross N, (2001) Creativity in the design process: co-evolution of problem-solution. Design Studies 22(5):425–437
Dorst K, (2003) Understanding Design, 150 Reflections on Being a Designer. Amsterdam: BIS Publisher
Eastman C, (2001) New Directions in Design Cognition: Studies of Representation and Recall. In Design Knowing and Learning: Cognition in Design Education, Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd. 147–198
Eastman, McCracken, Newstetter, (Eds.) (2001) Design Knowing and Learning: Cognition in Design Education. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Feyerabend P, (1975) Against Method. Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge. London: Humanities Press
Gero JS, (Ed.) (1999) Constructive memory in design thinking. In Design Thinking Research Symposium: Design Representation, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT, 29–35
Gero JS, (Ed.) (2006) Design Computing and Cognition ’06. Dordrecht: Springer
Goldschmidt G, (1991) The dialectics of sketching. Creativity Research Journal 4(2):123–143
Goldschmidt G, (1994) On visual design thinking. Design Studies 16(2):189–209
Goldschmidt G, (1998) Creative Architectural Design: Reference versus Precedence. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research 15(3):258–270, Chicago: Locke Science Publishing Company
Goldschmidt G, (2003) The Backtalk of Self-Generated Sketches. Design Issues 19(1):72–88, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Jonas W, (1994) Design – System – Theorie. Überlegungen zu einem systemtheoretischen Modell von Design-Theorie. Essen: Ed. Die Blaue Eule
Lawson B, (1986) How designers think. London: The Architectural Press
Nelson H, Stolterman E, (2003) The Design Way. Intentional Change in an Unpredictable World. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications
Oxman R, (1999) Educating the designerly thinker. Design Studies 20(2):107–122, Elsevier Science Ltd
Oxman, R, (2001) The Mind in Design: a Conceptual Framework for Cognition in Design Education. In Eastman, McCracken, Newstetter (Eds.). Design Knowing and Learning: Cognition in Design Education, Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd. 269–295
Oxman R, (2002) The thinking eye: visual re-cognition in design emergence. Design Studies 23(2):135–164, Elsevier Science Ltd
Poincaré H, (1924) The foundation of science. New York: Science Press
Pombo F, Tschimmel K, (2005) Sapiens and demens in Design Thinking – Perception as Core. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of the European Academy of Design EAD’06. Bremen: University of the Arts Bremen. Paper 062
Rittel H, (1970) Der Planungsprozess als iterativer Vorgang von Varietätserzeugung und Varietätsein-schränkung. In Entwurfsmethoden in der Bauplanung. Stuttgart/Berlin: Kramer Verlag
Roth G, (1992) Das konstruktive Gehirn: Neuro-biologische Grundlagen von Wahrnehmung und Erkenntnis. In Kognition und Gesellschaft, Der Diskurs des Radikalen Konstruktivismus 2. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Verlag, 277–336
Saariluoma P, Nevala K, Karvinen M, (2006) Content-Based Analysis of Modes in Design Engineering. In Gero (Ed.) Design Computing and Cognition ’06. Dordrecht: Springer, 325–344
Schmidt SJ, (Ed.) (1992) Kognition und Gesellschaft, Der Diskurs des Radikalen Konstruktivismus 2. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Verlag
Schmidt SJ, (2000) Der Radikale Konstrukti-vismus: Ein neues Paradigma im interdisziplinären Diskurs. In Der Diskurs des Radikalen Konstruktivismus. 8th Ed. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Verlag, 11–88
Schön D, (1983) The Reflective Practitioner. New York: Basic Books
Schön D, (1992) Teaching and Learning as a Design Transaction. In Cross, Dorst & Roozenburg (Eds.) Research into Design Thinking. Delft: University Press
Schön D, (1987) Educating the Reflective Practitioner: Toward a New Design for Teaching and Learning in the Professions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Simon, Herbert A. (1996) The Sciences of the Artificial. 3rd Edition. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press (1st Ed. 1969)
Solovyova I, (2003) Conjecture and Emotion: An Investigation of the Relationship Between Design Thinking and Emotional Content. In Expertise in Design – Design Thinking Research Symposium 6. Sydney: Creativity and Cognition Studios Press
Tschimmel K, (2004) A new discipline in Design Education: Cognitive Processes in Design. In The Changing Face of Design Education. Proceedings of the 2nd International Engineering and Product Design Education Conference. Delft: TU Delft, 175–184
Tschimmel K, (2005) Training Perception – the Heart in Design Education. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Design Education: Tradition and Modernity (DETM05) Ahmedabad: National Institute of Design
Wallas G, (1926) The art of thought. New York: Harcourt
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this paper
Cite this paper
Tschimmel, K. (2011). Design as a Perception-in-Action Process. In: Taura, T., Nagai, Y. (eds) Design Creativity 2010. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-224-7_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-224-7_29
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-85729-223-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-85729-224-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)