Dynamic Regulation of Proinflammatory Cytokines

  • Linda R. Watkins
  • Kien T. Nguyen
  • Jacqueline E. Lee
  • Steven F. Maier
Chapter
Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series (AEMB, volume 461)

Abstract

Proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), are proteins created and released by a wide variety of immune cells in response to infection, inflammation, and tissue damage. These proteins have long been recognized as critical communication factors for orchestrating early responses of immune cells to such immune challenges. More recently, it has become accepted that these same proinflammatory cytokines are key mediators of immune-to-brain communication as well. In this role, proinflammatory cytokines communicate to the brain, thereby orchestrating sickness responses including fever, decreased food, and water intake, increased sleep, increased pain responsivity, and so forth (Kent, Bluthe, Kelley, & Dantzer, 1992; Maier & Watkins, 1998). Thus, it is clear that proinflammatory cytokines are importantly involved in the response of both the immune system and the central nervous system in these situations.

Keywords

Proinflammatory Cytokine Restraint Stress cAMP Response Element Binding Immobilization Stress Proinflammatory Cytokine Production 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 1999

Authors and Affiliations

  • Linda R. Watkins
    • 1
  • Kien T. Nguyen
    • 1
  • Jacqueline E. Lee
    • 2
  • Steven F. Maier
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of PsychologyUniversity of Colorado at BoulderBoulder
  2. 2.Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Colorado at BoulderBoulder

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