The allogeneic grafting of total joints has been a matter of discussion for almost a century. In 1908, Erich Lexer reported the first transplantation of a human knee joint. The grafting of human joint and tissue were performed without organ preservation techniques, without vascular pedicles and graft reperfusion. Transplantation immunology and the phenomenon of acute and chronic rejection were unknown, as well as immunosuppressive drugs and antibiotics. Hence, Lexer's attempts were doomed to fail.
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Diefenbeck, M., Hofmann, G.O. (2008). Vascularized Knee Transplantation. In: Hewitt, C.W., Lee, W.P.A., Gordon, C.R. (eds) Transplantation of Composite Tissue Allografts. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74682-1_21
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