Pathways to Barrel Development

  • Mark W. Barnett
  • Ruth F. Watson
  • Peter C. Kind
Chapter

Abstract

Understanding the cellular mechanism by which glutamate receptors mediate changes in neuronal phenotype is key to understanding activity-dependent development of the nervous system. The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of rodents offers a unique opportunity to identify key molecules that regulate glutamate-dependent cortical development because of its unique cytoarchitectonic structures in layer 4 termed “barrels”. Analysis of knockout mice has revealed that both NMDA receptors, and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) activation of phospholipase C-β1 (PLC-β1), are necessary for normal barrel development (Erzurumlu and Kind, 2001). Over the last several years, we have been using analysis of barrel cortex development in knockout (KO) mice to identify the signalling pathways downstream of glutamate receptors that regulate cortical development. This approach has been greatly helped by the isolation and characterisation of proteins associated with the postsynaptic density (Walikonis et al., 2000; (Husi et al., 2000). To date we have analysed more than 35 mice with selective deletion of key PSD components. Two of these mutants, those lacking Syngap (Barnett et al., 2006) and those lacking the RIIβ subunit of PKA (PKARIIβ-/-, Watson et al., in press), also showed defects in barrel development. This chapter reviews the principle cellular processes involved in barrel development. It also reviews the current state of knowledge of the intracellular signalling pathways, initiated by glutamate neurotransmission, that regulate barrel development, with specific focus on SynGAP and mGluR5 activation of PLC-β1. Finally, we examine how the analysis of mutant mice has increased our knowledge about the cellular processes that underlie barrel development.

Keywords

NMDA Receptor Somatosensory Cortex Ocular Dominance Primary Somatosensory Cortex pERK Level 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006

Authors and Affiliations

  • Mark W. Barnett
    • 1
  • Ruth F. Watson
    • 1
  • Peter C. Kind
    • 1
  1. 1.Center for Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh

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