The Encyclopedia of Public Choice pp 532-535 | Cite as
Electoral Competition in Mixed Systems of Representation
Chapter
Abstract
Over the last decade electoral engineers have become increasingly cognisant of three important facts that affect worldwide electoral institutions. First, several established democracies such as Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand and Venezuela undertook major electoral reforms. Second, the process of democratisation in formerly communist countries brought about constitutional reforms where the design of new systems of representation is the central concern. Third, mixed-member electoral (MM) systems have been the choice of the vast majority of countries implementing electoral reform.
Keywords
Electoral System Median Voter Vote Share Proportional Representation American Political Science Review
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Banducci, S., Karp, J., Vowles, J. and Donovan T. (1999). “Strategic voting in the 1996 New Zealand Election: Implications for a new mixed system,” Working Paper, University of Waikato.Google Scholar
- Bartolini, S. and Dalimonte, R. (eds.) (1995). Maggioritario ma non Troppo: le Elezioni Politiche nel 1994. Bologna: Il Mulino.Google Scholar
- Benoit, K., Giannetti, D., and Laver, M. (2002). “Strategic voting in mixed-member electoral systems: the Italian case,” mimeo, University of Bologna.Google Scholar
- Bogdanor, V. (1983). “Conclusions: electoral systems and party systems,” in V. Bogdanor and D. Butler (eds.) Democracy and Elections: Electoral Systems and Their Political Consequences. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
- Boston, J., Levine, S., McLeay, E., and Roberts, N.S. (1997). From Campaign to Coalition: The 1996 MMP Election. Palmerston North, NZ: The Dunmore Press.Google Scholar
- Boston, J., Levine, S., McLeay, E., and Roberts, N.S. (1998). “The New Zealand Parliamentarians: did electoral system reform make a difference?” Legislative Studies, 12: 63–75.Google Scholar
- Calvert, R. (1985). “Robustness of the multi-dimensional voting model: candidate motivations, uncertainty and convergence.” American Journal of Political Science, 29: 69–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Downs, A. (1957). An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
- Crisp, B.F. (2000). Democratic Institutional Design: The Powers and Incentives of Venezuelan Politicians and Interest Groups. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
- Duverger, M. (1954). Political Parties, Their Organisation and Activity in the Modern State (translated by B. and R. North). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
- Hazan, R.Y. (2000). Parties, Elections and Cleavages: Israel in Comparative and Theoretical Perspective. London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
- Hinich, M.J. and Munger, M.C. (1997). Analytical Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
- Jesse, E. (1990). Elections: The Federal Republic of Germany in Comparison. (translated by Lindsay Batson). New York: St. Martin’s.Google Scholar
- Klingeman, H.D. and Wessels, B. (2001). “The political consequences of Germany’s mixed-member system: personalization at the grass-root?” in M.S. Shugart and M.P. Wattemberg (eds.) Mixed-Member Systems: The Best of Both Worlds? Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Kulisheck, M.R. and Crisp, B.F. (2001). “The legislative consequences of MMP electoral rules in Venezuela,” in M.S. Shugart and M.P. Wattemberg (eds.) Mixed-Member Systems: The Best of Both Worlds? Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Kramer, G. (1977). “On a class of equilibrium conditions for majority rule.” Econometrica, 41: 285–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mayorga, R.A. (1997). “Bolivia: electoral reform in Latin America,” in The International IDEA Handbook of Electoral System Design. Stockholm: Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance.Google Scholar
- Mayorga R.A. (2001). “The mixed-member-proportional system and its consequences in Bolivia,” in M.S. Shugart and M.P. Wattemberg (eds.) Mixed-Member Systems: The Best of Both Worlds? Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Massicotte, L. and Blais, A. (1999). “Mixed electoral systems: a conceptual and empirical survey.” Electoral Studies, 18: 341–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- McAllister, I. and White, S. (2000). “Split-ticket voting in the 1995 Russian Duma elections.” Electoral Studies, 19: 563–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mudambi, R., Navarra, P., and Sobbrio, G. (2001). Rules, Choice and Strategy: The Political Economy of Italian Electoral Reform. Aldershot: Edward Elgar Ltd.Google Scholar
- Mudambi, R. and Navarra, P. (2002). “Electoral strategies in mixed systems of representation.” Discussion Paper, January, Research Program on Democracy, Business and Human Well-being, London School of Economics.Google Scholar
- Navarra, P. (1997). “Voting diversification strategy: a risk-bearing model of voter behaviour in 1996 Italian National Election.” Economia delle Scelte Pubbliche, Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice, 1: 38–53.Google Scholar
- Navarra, P. (2002). “Spatial electoral competition in mixed-member system of representation,” mimeo, University of Messina.Google Scholar
- Reed, S.R. (1999). “Political reform in Japan: combining scientific and historical analysis.” Social Science Japan Journal, 2: 17–193.Google Scholar
- Reed, S.R. (2001). “Duverger’s law is working in Italy.” Comparative Political Studies, 34: 312–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Riker, W.H. (1982). “Two-party systems and Duverger’s law.” American Political Science Review, 76: 753–766.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sartori, G. (1994). Comparing Institutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives and Outcomes. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
- Schoen, H. (1999). “Split-ticket voting in German federal elections, 1953–90: an example of sophisticated balloting.” Electoral Studies, 18: 473–496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Schieman, J.W. and Benoit, K. (1999). “How thick is the veil of ignorance? Uncertainty and the electoral system origins in Hungary,” mimeo, Columbia University.Google Scholar
- Shugart, M.S. (2001). “Electoral ‘efficiency’ and the move to mixed-member systems.” Electoral Studies, 20: 173–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Shugart, M.S. and Wattemberg, M.P. (2000a). “Mixed-member electoral systems: a definition and typology,” in M.S. Shugart and M.P. Wattemberg (eds.) Mixed-Member Systems: The Best of Both Worlds? Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Shugart, M.S. and Wattemberg, M.P. (2000b). “Are mixed-member systems the best of both worlds?” in M.S. Shugart and M.P. Wattemberg (eds.) Mixed-member Systems: The Best of Both Worlds? Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Wittman, D. (1983). “Candidate motivations: a synthesis of alternatives.” American Political Science Review, 77: 142–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Kluwer Academic Publishers 2004