Biomarkers in a Taurine Trial for Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency

  • John M. Schreiber
  • Phillip L. Pearl
  • Irene Dustin
  • Edythe Wiggs
  • Emily Barrios
  • Eric M. Wassermann
  • K. Michael Gibson
  • William H. Theodore
Research Report
First Online:
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Part of the JIMD Reports book series (JIMD, volume 30)

Abstract

Aim: We tested the hypothesis that patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency on taurine would have decreased cortical excitability as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and improved cognition, due to taurine’s partial GABA(A and B) receptor agonist effects and rescue in the null mouse model from status epilepticus and premature lethality.

Method: Biomarkers including neuropsychological testing, TMS, and CSF metabolites were studied in a cohort of patients on and off three months’ taurine treatment.

Results: Seven patients (5M/2F; age range 12–33 years) were enrolled in this open-label crossover study. Baseline average full-scale IQ (FSIQ) was 44.1 (range 34–55). Of six who returned at 6-month follow-up, five completed cognitive testing (3M/2F) on therapy; average FSIQ = 43.4 (range 33–51). CSF biomarkers (n = 4 subjects) revealed elevation in taurine levels but no change in free or total GABA. Baseline cortical excitability measured with TMS agreed with previous findings in this population, with a short cortical silent period and lack of long-interval intracortical inhibition. Patients on taurine showed a decrease in cortical silent period and short-interval intracortical inhibition compared to their off taurine study.

Interpretation: TMS demonstrated decreased inhibition in patients on taurine, in contrast to the study hypothesis, but consistent with its failure to produce clinical or cognitive improvement. TMS may be a useful biomarker for therapy in pediatric neurotransmitter disorders.

Keywords

Conditioning Stimulus Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Motor Threshold First Dorsal Interosseous Cortical Silent Period 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© SSIEM and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • John M. Schreiber
    • 1
  • Phillip L. Pearl
    • 2
  • Irene Dustin
    • 1
  • Edythe Wiggs
    • 1
  • Emily Barrios
    • 2
  • Eric M. Wassermann
    • 3
  • K. Michael Gibson
    • 4
  • William H. Theodore
    • 1
  1. 1.Clinical Epilepsy SectionBethesdaUSA
  2. 2.Department of Child NeurologyChildren’s National Medical Center (CNMC)Washington, DCUSA
  3. 3.Cognitive Neuroscience Section, NINDS, NIHBethesdaUSA
  4. 4.Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, Washington State University (WSU)SpokaneUSA

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