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Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Type III Secretion

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Bacterial Type III Protein Secretion Systems

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 427))

Abstract

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are utilized by numerous Gram-negative bacteria to efficiently interact with host cells and manipulate their function. Appropriate expression of type III secretion genes is achieved through the integration of multiple control elements and regulatory pathways that ultimately coordinate the activity of a central transcriptional activator usually belonging to the AraC/XylS family. Although several regulatory elements are conserved between different species and families, each pathogen uses a unique set of control factors and mechanisms to adjust and optimize T3SS gene expression to the need and lifestyle of the pathogen. This is reflected by the complex set of sensory systems and diverse transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational control strategies modulating T3SS expression in response to environmental and intrinsic cues. Whereas some pathways regulate solely the T3SS, others coordinately control expression of one or multiple T3SSs together with other virulence factors and fitness traits on a global scale. Over the past years, several common regulatory themes emerged, e.g., environmental control by two-component systems and carbon metabolism regulators or coupling of T3SS induction with host cell contact/translocon-effector secretion. One of the remaining challenges is to resolve the understudied post-transcriptional regulation of T3SS and the dynamics of the control process.

Marcel Volk and Ines Vollmer contributed equally

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany

    Marcel Volk, Ines Vollmer, Ann Kathrin Heroven & Petra Dersch

  2. Institute for Infectiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany

    Petra Dersch

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  1. Marcel Volk
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  2. Ines Vollmer
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  3. Ann Kathrin Heroven
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  4. Petra Dersch
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Correspondence to Petra Dersch .

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  1. Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Samuel Wagner

  2. Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Jorge E. Galan

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Volk, M., Vollmer, I., Heroven, A.K., Dersch, P. (2019). Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Type III Secretion. In: Wagner, S., Galan, J. (eds) Bacterial Type III Protein Secretion Systems. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 427. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2019_168

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