Imprinted Polymers in Chemical Recognition for Mass-Sensitive Devices

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors book series

Abstract

Mass-sensitive devices such as the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) or the surface acoustic wave device (SAW) are very advantageous for chemical sensing. As their name implies, they react towards mass changes on their respective sensitive areas, which makes them almost universally applicable since every analyte has a mass. Detection limits can be as low as 1 ng for QCM and in the picogram range for SAW. Of course, selectivity also has to be introduced into the sensor system. For this purpose molecular imprinting, where the sensitive layer is generated by polymerising it directly on the respective device surface, is gaining increasing attention. A reason for this is the very straightforward synthetic approach, where the analyte-to-be is used as a template that determines the structure of the interaction sites within the polymer by self-organisation processes. In this chapter, we give an introduction into the electronic background of mass-sensitive devices as well as into molecular imprinting. In the second half, we will introduce selected strategies for actual chemical sensing of analytes covering a size range from molecular to micrometre as well as both pure compounds and mixtures.

Mass-sensitive transducer QCM SAW Molecular imprinting Chemical sensor 

Abbreviations

AC

Alternating current

AFM

Atomic force microscopy

FBAR

Film bulk acoustic resonator

HRV

Human rhinovirus

MOS

Metal oxide semiconductor device

PAH

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

PDMS

Polydimethyl siloxane

PVAc

Poylvinylacetate

QCM

Quartz crystal microbalance

SAW

Surface acoustic wave resonator

STW

Shear transverse wave resonator

RBC

Red blood cell

VOC

Volatile organic compound

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

Acknowledgments

Part of our own work was supported by the FWF, the Austrian Science Fund, project number P15512.

References

  1. 1.
    Dickert FL, Lieberzeit P (2000) Solid state sensors for field measurements of gases and vapours. In: Meyers RA (ed) Encyclopaedia of analytical chemistry. Wiley, Chichester, p 3831 Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Buettgenbach S, Rabe J, Zimmermann B, Hauptmann PR (2001) Proc SPIE 4205:207 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Sauerbrey G (1959) Z Phys 155:206 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Katz E, Willner I (2004) Immunosensors and DNA sensors based on impedance spectroscopy. In: Springer series on chemical sensors and biosensors 2 (ultrathin electrochemical chemo- and biosensor). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 67 Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Lehn JM (1993) Science 260:1762 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Dickert FL, Lieberzeit P (2004) Chemical recognition and sensing by self-organization. In: Atwood JL, Steed JW (eds) Encyclopaedia of supramolecular chemistry. Dekker, New York, p 1 Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Sellergren B (ed) (2001) Molecularly imprinted polymers – techniques and instrumentation in analytical chemistry 23, 1st edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    Wulff G (1995) Angew Chem Intl Ed Engl 34:1812 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Mosbach K, Haupt K (1998) J Mol Recog 11:62 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Kirsch N, Alexander C, Lübke M, Whitcombe MJ, Vulfson EN (2000) Polymer 41:5583 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Piletska EV, Romero-Guerra M, Guerreiro AR, Karim K, Turner APF, Piletsky SA (2005) Anal Chim Acta 542:47 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Andersson HS, Karlsson JG, Piletsky SA, Koch-Schmidt AC, Mosbach K, Nicholls IA (1999) J Chromatogr A 848:39 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Piletsky SA, Piletska EV, Karim K, Freebairn, Legge CH, Turner APF (2002) Macromolecules 35:7499 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Piletsky SA, Mijangos I, Guerreiro A, Piletska EV, Chianella I, Karim K, Turner APF (2005) Macromolecules 38:1410 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Piletsky SA, Guerreiro A, Piletska EV, Chianella I, Karim K, Turner APF (2004) Macromolecules 37:5018 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Baggiani C, Giraudi G, Giovannoli C, Tozzi C, Anfossi L (2004) Anal Chim Acta 504:43 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Wulff G, Biffis A (2001) Techn Instrum Anal Chem 23:71 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Sellergren B (2001) Techn Instrum Anal Chem 23:113 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Piletsky SA, Piletskaya EV, Panasyuk TL, El'skaya AV, Levi R, Karube I, Wulff G (1998) Macromolecules 31:2137 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Spivak DA, Simon R, Campbell J (2004) Anal Chim Acta 504:23 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Khasawneh MA, Vallano PT, Remcho VT (2001) J Chromatogr A 922:87 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Hwang CC, Lee WC (2002) J Chromatogr A 962:69 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Davies MP, De Biasi V, Perrett D (2004) Anal Chim Acta 504:7 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Lanza F, Dirion B, Sellergren B (2005) Molecularly imprinted materials. Dekker, New York, p 225 Google Scholar
  25. 25.
    Batra D, Shea KJ (2003) Curr Opin Chem Biol 7:434 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Chianella I, Lotierzo M, Piletsky SA, Tothill IE, Chen B, Karim K, Turner APF (2002) Anal Chem 74:1288 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Pérez-Moral N, Mayes AG (2004) Anal Chim Acta 504:15 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Schmidt RH, Haupt K (2005) Chem Mater 17:1007 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Schmidt RH, Belmont AS, Haupt K (2005) Anal Chim Acta 504:118 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Yilmaz E, Haupt K, Mosbach K (2000) Adv Mater 39:2115 Google Scholar
  31. 31.
    Pestov D, Levit N, Maniscalco V, Deveney B, Tepper G (2004) Anal Chim Acta 504:31 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Hirayama K, Sakai Y, Kameoka K, Noda K, Naganawa R (2002) Sensor Actuator B 86:20 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Fu Y, Finklea HO (2003) Anal Chem 75:5387 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    Kobayashi T, Murakawi Y, Reddy SP, Abe M, Fujii N (2001) Anal Chim Acta 435:141 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Lieberzeit PA, Gazda-Miarecka S, Halikias K, Schirk C, Kauling J, Dickert FL (2005) Sensor Actuator B 111–112:259 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Dickert FL, Lieberzeit P, Gazda-Miarecka S, Mann KJ, Hayden O, Palfinger C, Biosens Bioelectron 20:1040 Google Scholar
  37. 37.
    Percival CJ, Stanley S, Braithwaite A, Newton MI, McHale G (2002) Analyst 127:1024 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    Dickert FL, Achatz P, Halikias K (2001) Fresenius J Anal Chem 371:11 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    Lee SW, Yang DH, Kunitake T (2005) Sensor Actuator B 104:35 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    Stanley S, Percival CJ, Morel T, Braithwaite A, Newton MI, McHale G, Haynes W (2003) Sensor Actuator B 89:103 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    Gavioli E, Maier NM, Haupt K, Mosbach K, Lindner W (2005) Anal Chem 77:5009 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. 42.
    Ersöz A, Denizli A, Özcan A, Say R (2005) Biosens Bioelectron 20:2197 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. 43.
    James D, Scott SM, Ali Z, O'Hare WT (2005) Mikrochim Acta 149:1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. 44.
    Legin A, Rudnitskaya A, Vlasov Y (2003) Electronic tongues: new analytical perspective for chemical sensors. In: Salvador A (ed) Comprehensive analytical chemistry 39. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 437 Google Scholar
  45. 45.
    Dickert FL, Lieberzeit PA, Achatz P, Palfinger C, Fassnauer M, Schmid E, Werther W, Horner G (2004) Analyst 129:432 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. 46.
    Dickert FL, Forth P, Lieberzeit PA, Voigt G (2000) Fresenius J Anal Chem 366:802 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. 47.
    Dickert FL, Greibl W, Rohrer A, Voigt G (2001) Adv Mater 13:1327 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. 48.
    Aherne A, Alexander C, Payne MJ, Perez N, Vulfson EN (1996) J Am Chem Soc 118:8771 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. 49.
    Alexander C, Vulfson EN, (1997) Adv Mater 9:751 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. 50.
    Dickert FL, Hayden O (2002) Anal Chem 74:1302 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. 51.
    Hayden O, Dickert FL (2001) Adv Mater 13:1480 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. 52.
    Knez M, Sumser M, Bittner AM, Wege C, Jeske H, Martin TP, Kern K (2004) Adv Funct Mater 14:116 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. 53.
    Dickert FL, Hayden O, Lieberzeit P, Haderspoeck C, Bindeus R, Palfinger C, Wirl B (2003) Synth Methods 138:65 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. 54.
    Hayden O, Bindeus R, Haderspöck C, Mann KJ, Wirl B, Dickert FL (2003) Sensor Actuator B 91:316 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. 55.
    Dickert FL, Hayden O, Bindeus R, Mann KJ, Blaas D, Waigmann E (2004) Anal Bioanal Chem 378:1929 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. 56.
    Lieberzeit PA, Gazda-Miarecka S, Halikias K, Schirk C, Kauling J, Dickert FL (2005) Sensor Actuator B 111–112:259 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. 57.
    Tai DF, Lin CY, Wu TZ, Chen LK (2005) Anal Chem 77:5140 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. 58.
    Ramanaviciene A, Ramanavicius A (2004) Biosens Bioelectron 20:1076 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. 59.
    Leca-Bouvier B, Blum LJ (2005) Anal Lett 38:1491 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. 60.
    Kuswandi B, Tombelli S, Marazza G, Mascini M (2005) Chimia 59:236 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. 61.
    Logrieco A, Arrigan DWM, Brengel-Pesce K, Siciliano P, Tothill I (2005) Food Addit Contam 22:335 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. 62.
    Ferrari M, Stenirri S, Bonini P, Cremonesi L (2003) Clin Chem Lab Med 41:462 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. 63.
    Sallacan N, Zayats M, Bourenko T, Kharitonov BK, Willner I (2002) Anal Chem 72:702 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. 64.
    Sreenivasan K (2005) Macromol Biosci 5:187 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  65. 65.
    Friggeri A, Kobayashi H, Shinkai S, Reinhoudt DN (2001) Angew Chem Intl Ed Engl 40:4279 Google Scholar
  66. 66.
    Kempe M, Mosbach K (1995) J Chromat A 691:317 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  67. 67.
    Liao JL, Wang Y, Hjertén S (1996) Chromatographia 42:259 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  68. 68.
    Hjertén S, Lioa JL, Nakazato K, Wang Y, Zamaratskaja G, Zhang HX (1997) Chromatographia 44:227 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  69. 69.
    Bossi A, Piletsky SA, Piletska EV, Righetti PG, Turnern AFP (2001) Anal Chem 73:5281 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  70. 70.
    Rick J, Chou TC (2005) Biosens Bioelectron 20:1878 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  71. 71.
    Shiomi T, Matsui M, Mizukami F, Sakaguchi K (2005) Biomaterials 26:5564 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  72. 72.
    Lin TY, Hu CH, Chou TC (2004) Biosens Bioelectron 20:75 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  73. 73.
    Lin CY, Tai DF, Wu TZ (2003) Chem Eur J 9:5107 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  74. 74.
    Kugiyama A, Yoneyama H, Takeuchi T (2000) Electroanalysis 12:1322 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  75. 75.
    Dickert FL, Hayden O, Lieberzeit P, Haderspoeack C, Bindeus R, Palfinger C, Wirl B (2003) Synth Methods 138:65 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  76. 76.
    D'Souza SM, Alexander C, Carr SW, Wallers AM, Whitcombe MJ, Vulfson EN (1999) Nature 398:312 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  77. 77.
    Shi H, Tsai WB, Garrison MD, Ferrari S, Ratner BD (1999) Nature 398:593 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  78. 78.
    Hawkins DM, Stevenson D, Reddy SM (2005) Anal Chim Acta 542:61 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryVienna UniversityViennaAustria

Personalised recommendations