Nonstandard Geometric Proofs

  • Jacques D. Fleuriot
Conference paper
Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNCS, volume 2061)

Abstract

This paper describes ongoing work in our formal investigation of some of the concepts and properties that arise when infinitesimal notions are introduced in a geometry theory. An algebraic geometry theory is developed in the theorem prover Isabelle using hyperreal vectors. We follow a strictly definitional approach and build our theory of vectors within the nonstandard analysis (NSA) framework developed in Isabelle. We show how this theory can be used to give intuitive, yet rigorous, nonstandard proofs of standard geometric theorems through the use of infinitesimal and infinite geometric quantities.

Keywords

Theorem Prove Signed Area Nonstandard Analysis Automate Deduction Polygonal Area 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    M. E. Baron. The Origins of the Infinitesimal Calculus. Pergammon Press, 1969.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    R. S. Boyer and J. S. Moore. A Computational Logic. ACM Monograph Series. ACM Press, 1979.Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    A. Bundy. The use of explicit plans to guide inductive proofs. In R. Lusk and R. Overbeek, editors, 9th International Conference on Automated Deduction-CADE-9, volume 310 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 111–120. Springer-Verlag, May 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    S. C. Chou, X. S. Gao, and J. Z. Zhang. Automated geometry theorem proving by vector calculation. In ACM-ISSAC, Kiev, Ukraine, July 1993, pages 284–291. ACM Press, 1993.Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    S. C. Chou, X. S. Gao, and J. Z. Zhang. Automated generation of readable proofs with geometric invariants, I. Multiple and shortest proof generation. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 17:325–347, 1996.MATHMathSciNetCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    S. C. Chou, X. S. Gao, and J. Z. Zhang. Automated generation of readable proofs with geometric invariants, II. Theorem proving with full-angles. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 17:349–370, 1996.MATHMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    P. J. Davis and R. Hersh. The Mathematical Experience. Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1983.Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    J. Dieudonné. Linear Algebra and Geometry. Hermann, 1969. Translated from the original French text Algèbre linéaire et géométrie élémentaire.Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    S. Fevre and D. Wang. Proving geometric theorems using Clifford algebra and rewrite rules. In C. Kirchner and H. Kirchner, editors, Automated Deduction-CADE-15, volume 1421 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 17–32. Springer-Verlag, July 1998.Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    J. D. Fleuriot. On the mechanization of real analysis in Isabelle/HOL. In J. Harrison and M. Aagaard, editors, Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics: 13th International Conference, TPHOLs 2000, volume 1869 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 146–162. Springer-Verlag, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    J. D. Fleuriot and L. C. Paulson. A combination of geometry theorem proving and nonstandard analysis, with application to Newton’s Principia. In C. Kirchner and H. Kirchner, editors, Automated Deduction-CADE-15, volume 1421 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 3–16. Springer-Verlag, July 1998.Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    J. D. Fleuriot and L. C. Paulson. Proving Newton’s Propositio Kepleriana using geometry and nonstandard analysis in Isabelle. In X.-S. Gao, D. Wang, and L. Yang, editors, Automated Deduction in Geometry, volume 1669 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 47–66. Springer-Verlag, 1999.Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    J. D. Fleuriot and L. C. Paulson. Mechanizing nonstandard real analysis. LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics, 3:140–190, 2000.MATHMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    M. Gordon and T. Melham. Introduction to HOL: A theorem proving environment for Higher Order Logic. Cambridge U niversity Press, 1993.MATHGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    John Harrison. Theorem Proving with the Real Numbers. Springer-Verlag, 1998. Also published as technical report 408 of the Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 1996.Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    D. Kapur and M. Subramaniam. Lemma discovery in automating induction. In M. A. McRobbie and J. K. Slaney, editors, Automated Deduction-CADE-13, volume 1104 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 538–552. Springer-Verlag, August 1996.Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    H. J. Keisler. Foundations of Infinitesimal Calculus. Prindle, Weber & Schmidt, 1976.Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    W. McCune. OTTER 3.0 reference manual and guide. Technical Report ANL-94/6, Argonne National Laboratory, 1994.Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    L. C. Paulson. Isabelle’s object-logics. Technical Report 286, Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, February 1998.Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    A. Robinson. Non-standard Analysis. North-Holland, 1980.Google Scholar
  21. 21.
    D. Wang. Clifford algebraic calculus for geometric reasoning, with application to computer vision. In D. Wang, R. Caferra, L. Fariñas del Cerro, and H. Shi, editors, Automated Deduction in Geometry, ADG’96, volume 1360 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 115–140. Springer-Verlag, 1997.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001

Authors and Affiliations

  • Jacques D. Fleuriot
    • 1
  1. 1.Division of InformaticsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh

Personalised recommendations