CT-RSA 2003: Topics in Cryptology — CT-RSA 2003 pp 263-280 | Cite as
Fault Tolerant and Distributed Broadcast Encryption
Abstract
A broadcast encryption scheme enables a server to broadcast information in a secure way over an insecure channel to an arbitrary subset of priviliged recipients. In a set-up phase, the server gives pre-defined keys to every user of the system, using secure point-to-point channels. Later on, it broadcasts an encrypted message along a broadcast channel, in such a way that only users in a priviliged subset can decrypt it, by using the pre-defined keys received in set-up phase. Usually, the broadcast message contains a fresh session key, which can subsequently be used for secure broadcast transmission to the priviliged set of recipients. In this paper we deal with two aspects of secure broadcast transmission: reliability and trust in the broadcaster. The first is a well-studied issue in communication over unreliable channels: packets can get lost and some redundancy is required to provide reliable communication. The second aspect concerns with the assumption that the broadcaster, who receives information for broadcasting from several entities, must be trusted. This issue has not previously been addressed in the broadcast transmission setting. We provide a motivating scenario in which the assumption does not hold and, for both problems, we review and extend some existing broadcast encryption schemes, in order to gain fault tolerance and to remove the need for trust in the broadcaster.
Keywords
Secret Sharing Scheme Broadcast Channel Hash Family Broadcast Encryption Perfect Hash FamilyPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- [1]N. Alon and J. Spencer, The Probabilistic Method, John Wiley, (2nd Edition), 2000. 272Google Scholar
- [2]J. Anzai, N. Matsuzaki, and T. Matsumoto, A Quick Group Key Distribution Scheme with Entity Revocation, Advances in Cryptology-Asiacrypt’ 99, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1716, pp. 333–347. 266Google Scholar
- [3]O. Berkman, M. Parnas, and J. Sgall, Efficient Dynamic Traitor Tracing, Proc. of the 11-th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA 2000), pp. 586–595, 2000. 266Google Scholar
- [4]S. Berkovits, How to Broadcast a Secret, Advances in Cryptology-Eurocrypt’ 91, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 547, pp. 536–541, 1991. 266Google Scholar
- [5]C. Blundo and A. Cresti, Space Requirements for Broadcast Encryption, Advances in Cryptology-Eurocrypt’ 94, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 950, pp. 287–298, 1995. 266CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- [6]C. Blundo, Luiz A. Frota Mattos, and D. R. Stinson, Generalized Beimel-Chor Schemes for Broadcast Encryption and Interactive Key Distribution, Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 200, pp. 313–334, 1998. 266MATHCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
- [7]G. R. Blakley and C. Meadows, Security of Ramp Schemes, Advances in Cryptology-Crypto’ 84, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.196, pp. 242–268, 1984. 280Google Scholar
- [8]D. Boneh and M. Franklin, An Efficient Public Key Traitor Scheme, Advances in Cryptology-Crypto’ 99, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1666, pp. 338–353, 1999. 266Google Scholar
- [9]R. Canetti, J. Garay, G. Itkis, D. Micciancio, M. Naor, and B. Pinkas, Issue in Multicast Security: A Taxonomy and Efficient Constructions, Infocom’ 99, pp. 708–716, 1999. 266Google Scholar
- [10]R. Canetti, T. Malkin, and K. Nissim, Efficient Communication-Storage Tradeoffs for Multicast Encryption, Advances in Cryptology-Eurocrypt’ 99, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1592, pp. 459–474, 1999. 266Google Scholar
- [11]B. Chor, A. Fiat, M. Naor and B. Pinkas, Traitor Tracing, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 893–910, May 2000. 266MATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- [12]T. M. Cover and J. A. Thomas, Elements of Information Theory, John Wiley & Sons, 1991. 280Google Scholar
- [13]G. Di Crescenzo and O. Kornievskaia, Efficient Multicast Encryption Schemes, Security in Communication Network (SCN02), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2002. 266Google Scholar
- [14]C. Dwork, J. Lotspiech, and M. Naor, Digital Signets: Self-Enforcing Protection of Digital Information, Proceedings of the 28-th Symposium on the Theory of Computation, pp. 489–498, 1996. 266Google Scholar
- [15]P. Erdos, P. Frankl, and Z. Furedi, Families of finite subsets in which no set is covered by the union of r others, Israel Journal of Mathematics, N. 51, pp. 75–89, 1985. 268Google Scholar
- [16]A. Fiat and M. Naor, Broadcast Encryption, Proceedings of Crypto’ 93, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 773, pp. 480–491, 1994. 266, 270, 271, 272Google Scholar
- [17]A. Fiat and T. Tessa, Dynamic Traitor Tracing, Journal of Cryptology, Vol. 14, pp. 211–223, 2001. 266MATHGoogle Scholar
- [18]E. Gafni, J. Staddon, and Y. L. Yin, Efficient Methods for Integrating Traceability and Broadcast Encryption, Advances in Cryptology-Crypto’ 99, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1666, p. 372–387, 1999. 266Google Scholar
- [19]J. Garay, J. Staddon, and A. Wool, Long-Lived Broadcast Encryption, Advances in Cryptology-Crypto 2000, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1880, pp. 333–352, 2000. 266CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- [20]D. Halevy and A. Shamir, The LSD Broadcast Encryption Scheme, Advances in Cryptology-Crypto’ 02, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2442, pp. 47–60, 2002. 266Google Scholar
- [21]A. Kiayias and M. Yung, Traitor Tracing with Constant Transmission Rate, Advances in Cryptology-Eurocrypt’ 02, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2332, pp. 450–465, 2002. 266Google Scholar
- [22]A. Kiayias and M. Yung, Self Protecting Pirates and Black-Box Traitor Tracing, Advances in Cryptology-Crypto’ 01, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2139, pp. 63–79, 2001. 266Google Scholar
- [23]D. E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, Addison Wesley, (3rd Edition), 1997. 273Google Scholar
- [24]R. Kumar, S. Rajagopalan, and A. Sahai, Coding Constructions for Blacklisting Problems without Computational Assumptions, Advances in Cryptology-Crypto’ 99, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1666, pp. 609–623, 1999. 266, 267, 268Google Scholar
- [25]H. Kurnio, R. Safani-Naini, and H. Wang, A Group Key Distribution Scheme with Decentralised User Join, Security in Communication Network (SCN02), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2002. 266Google Scholar
- [26]H. Kurnio, R. Safani-Naini, and H. Wang, A Secure Re-keying Scheme with Key Recovery Property, ACISP 2002, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2384, pp. 40–55, 2002. 266Google Scholar
- [27]M. Luby and J. Staddon, Combinatorial Bounds for Broadcast Encryption, Advances in Cryptology-Eurocrypt’ 98, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1403, pp. 512–526, 1998. 266CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- [28]C. J. Mitchell and F.C. Piper, Key Storage in Secure Networks, Discrete Applied Mathematics, vol. 21, pp. 215–228, 1988. 276MATHCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
- [29]D. Naor, M. Naor, and J. Lotspiech, Revocation and Tracing Schemes for Stateless Receivers Advances in Cryptology-Crypto’ 01, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2139, pp. 41–62, 2001. 266Google Scholar
- [30]M. Naor and B. Pinkas, Efficient Trace and Revoke Schemes, Financial Cryptography 2000, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1962, pp. 1–21, 2000. 266CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- [31]A. Perrig, D. Song, and J. D. Tygar, ELK, a new Protocol for Efficient Large-Group Key Distribution, in IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (2000). 266Google Scholar
- [32]B. Pfitzmann, Trials of Traced Traitors, Information Hiding, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1174, pp. 49–64, 1996. 266Google Scholar
- [33]R. Poovendran and J. S. Baras, An Information Theoretic Analysis of Rooted-Tree Based Secure Multicast Key Distribution Schemes, Advances in Cryptology, Crypto’ 99, vol. 1666, pp. 624–638, 1999. 266Google Scholar
- [34]R. Safavi-Naini and H. Wang, New Constructions for Multicast Re-Keying Schemes Using Perfect Hash Families, 7th ACM Conference on Computer and Communication Security, ACM Press, pp. 228–234, 2000. 266, 272Google Scholar
- [35]R. Safavi-Naini and Y. Wang, Sequential Traitor Tracing, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1880, p. 316–332, 2000. 266Google Scholar
- [36]J. Staddon, S. Miner, M. Franklin, D. Balfanz, M. Malkin and D. Dean, Self-Healing Key Distribution with Revocation, IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, May 12–15, 2002, Berkeley, California. 266Google Scholar
- [37]J. N. Staddon, D. R. Stinson and R. Wei, Combinatorial properties of frameproof and traceability codes, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory vol. 47, pp. 1042–1049, 2001. 266MATHCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
- [38]D. R. Stinson, On Some Methods for Unconditionally Secure Key Distribution and Broadcast Encryption, Designs, Codes and Cryptography, vol. 12, pp. 215–243, 1997. 266, 269, 274, 276MATHCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
- [39]D. R. Stinson and T. van Trung, Some New Results on Key Distribution Patterns and Broadcast Encryption, Designs, Codes and Cryptography, vol. 15, pp. 261–279, 1998. 274, 275, 276CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- [40]D. R. Stinson and R. Wei, Key preassigned traceability schemes for broadcast encryption, Proceedings of SAC’98, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1556, pp. 144–156, 1999. 266Google Scholar
- [41]D. R. Stinson and R. Wei, Combinatorial properties and constructions of traceability schemes and frameproof codes, SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, vol. 11, pp. 41–53, 1998. 266MATHCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
- [42]D. R. Stinson and R. Wei, An Application of Ramp Schemes to Broadcast Encryption, Information Processing Letters, Vol. 69, pp. 131–135, 1999. 274CrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
- [43]D. R. Stinson and R. Wei, Generalized Cover-Free Families, preprint. 269Google Scholar
- [44]D. M. Wallner, E. J. Harder, and R. C. Agee, Key Management for Multicast: Issues and Architectures, Internet Draft ftp://ftp.ieft.org/internet-drafts/draft-wallner-key-arch-01.txt. 266
- [45]C. Wong, and S. Lam, Keystone: A Group Key Management Service, in International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2000. 266Google Scholar