Herkunft, Vorkommen, Verhalten und Verbleib von Arzneimitteln in der aquatischen Umwelt

  • K. Kümmerer
Chapter

Zusammenfassung

Humanarzneimittel gelangen auch bei sachgerechter Anwendung naturgemäß in das Abwasser und damit potenziell auch ins Trinkwasser, wo sie unerwünscht sind. Sie sind sehr oft schwer abbaubar. Über ihre möglichen Wirkungen gegenüber Umweltorganismen ist das Wissen unzureichend. Um ihre Konzentration im Wasser so gering wie möglich zu halten, sollte jeder unter vertretbarem Aufwand vermeidbare Eintrag ausgeschlossen werden. Das separate Sammeln der Patientenausscheidungen ist wegen anderer damit verbundener Risiken allerdings nicht grundsätzlich zu empfehlen und aus organisatorischen Gründen oft nicht machbar.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Alexy R, Kümpel T, Kümmerer K (2004) Assessment of degradation of 18 antibiotics in the closed bottle test. Chemosphere 57: 505–512PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Buerger IJ, Poiger T, Muller MD, Buser HR (2003) Caffeine, an anthropogenic marker for wastewater contamination of surface waters. Environ Sci Technol 37: 691–700CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Burhenne J, Ludwig M, Nikoloudis P, Spiteller M (1997) Photolytic degradation of fluoroquinolone carboxylic acids in aqueous solution. Primary photoproducts and halflives. ESPR-Envion. Sci Pollut Res 4:10–15CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. DFG (2003) Wasserforschung im Spannungsfeld zwischen Gegenwartsbewältigung und Zukunftssicherung. Wiley-VCH, WeinheimGoogle Scholar
  5. Drewes JE, Heberer T, Reddersen K (2002) Fate of pharmaceuticals during indirect potable use. Wat Sci Technol 46: 73–80Google Scholar
  6. Ferber D (2003) Antibiotic resistance. WHO advices kicking the livestock antibiotic habit. Science 301: 1027PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Greiner P, Rönnefahrt I (2003) Management of environmental risks in the life cycle of pharmaceuticals. European Conference on Human and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. Lyon, April 14–16Google Scholar
  8. Heberer T (2002) Occurence, fate and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data. Toxicol Lett 131: 5–17PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Heberer T, Feldmann D (2004) Removal of pharmaceutical residues from contaminated raw water sources by membrane filtration. In: Kümmerer K (ed) Pharmaceuticals in the environment. Fate, source, effects, and risk, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York TokioGoogle Scholar
  10. Kiffmeyer T (2003) Minimisation of human drug input by oxidative treatment of toilet effluents from hospital wards. European Conference on Human and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. Lyon, April 14–16Google Scholar
  11. Kümmerer K, Al-Ahmad A, Mersch-Sundermann V (2000) Biodegradability of some antibiotics, elimination of their genotoxicity and affection of waste water bacteria in a simple test. Chemosphere 40:701–710PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Kümmerer K (2001) Drugs, diagnostic agents and disinfectants in waste water and water — a review. Chemosphere 45: 957–969PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Kümmerer K (2004a) Resistance in the environment. J Antimicrob Chemother 54: 311–320PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Kümmerer K (ed) (2004b) Pharmaceuticals in the environment. Fate, source, effects, and risk, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York TokioGoogle Scholar
  15. Kümmerer K, Henninger A (2003) Promoting resistance by the emission of antibiotics from hospitals and households into effluent. Clin Microb Inf 9: 1203–1214CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Kümmerer K, Alexy R, Hüttig J, Schöll A (2004) Standardized tests fail to assess the effects of antibiotics against environmental bacteria. Wat Res 38: 2111–2116CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Möller P, Dulski P, Bau M, Knappe A, Pekdeger A, Sommer-von Jarmerasted C (2000) Anthropogenic gadolinium as a conservative tracer in hydrology. J Geochem Explor 69/70: 409–414CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Netwig G, Oetken M, Oehlmann J (2004) In: Kümmerer K (ed) Pharmaceuticals in the environment. Fate, source, effects, and risk, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York TokioGoogle Scholar
  19. Ohlsen K; Werner G, Ternes T, Ziebuhr W, Witte W, Hacker J (2003) Impact of antibiotics on conjugational resistance in gene transfer in Staphylococcus aureus in sewage. Environ Microbiol 8: 711–716CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Qiting J, Xiheng Z (1988) Combination process of anaerobic digestion and ozonization technology for treating wastewater from antibiotics production. Wat Treat 3: 285–291Google Scholar
  21. Ravina M, Campanella L, Kiwi J (2002) Accelerated mineralization of the drug diclofenac via Fention reactions in a concentric photo-reactor. Wat Res 36: 3553–3560CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Sacher F, Lange FT, Brauch HJ, Blankenhorn I (2001) Pharmaceuticals in groundwaters — analytical methods and results of a monitoring program in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. J Chromatogr A 938:199–210PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Sattelberger S (1995) Arzneimittelrückstände in der Umwelt, Bestandsaufnahme und Problemstellung. Report des Umweltbundesamtes Österreich, WienGoogle Scholar
  24. Schröder HF (2002) Mass spectrometric monitoring of the degradation and elimination efficiency for hardly eliminable and hardly biodegradable polar compounds by membrane bioreactors. Wat Sci Technol 46: 57–64Google Scholar
  25. Ternes TA, Stuber J, Hermann N, McDowell D, Ried A, Kampmann M, Teiser B (2003) Ozonation: a tool for removal of pharmaceuticals, contrast media and musk fragrances from wastewater? Wat Res 37:1976–1982CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Thiele-Bruhn S (2003) Pharmaceutical antibiotic compounds in soils — a review. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 166: 145–167CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Track T, Kreysa G (Hrsg.) (2003) Spurenstoffe in Gewässern. Pharmazeutische Reststoffe und endokrin wirksame Substanzen. Wiley-VCH, WeinheimGoogle Scholar
  28. Zwiener C, Gremm TJ, Frimmel FH (2001) Pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment and their significance for drinking water production. In: Kümmerer K (ed) Pharmaceuticals in the environment. Fate, sources, effects, and risks. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York TokioGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg 2006

Authors and Affiliations

  • K. Kümmerer
    • 1
  1. 1.Instituts für Umweltmedizin und KrankenhaushygieneUniversitätsklinikum FreiburgFreiburg

Personalised recommendations