Biology of Foreign Bodies: Tolerance, Osteolysis, and Allergy

  • S. Nasser
Chapter

Summary

In most individuals implanting the polymers and metals used in contemporary knee replacement surgery results in little or no reaction from the immune system. These materials are described as biologically tolerated or bioinert. However, as the functioning joint begins to wear, generating primarily polymer debris, the immune system commonly mounts an aggressive, macrophage-mediated response. This becomes evident after several years, both clinically and radiographically, as osteolysis [1, 2]. In a much smaller percentage of individuals, a second type of reaction, a very rapid, T-cell-mediated, “allergic”response, usually to metal, may be identified [3]. While the underlying processes are quite different, both reactions may ultimately lead to implant failure.

Keywords

Total Knee Arthroplasty Knee Replacement Contact Dermatitis Wear Debris Total Joint Arthroplasty 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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