Foamed polymers based on reactive oligomers

  • Fyodor A. Shutov
Conference paper
First Online:
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Part of the Advances in Polymer Science book series (POLYMER, volume 39)

Abstract

This article surveys the specific features of polymer science for gas-filled polymers (main principles of their classification as well as the major problems of their physics, chemistry, technology and application). Special attention is given to the discussion of the author's findings concerning the morphology of foamed plastics based on reactive oligomers such as polyurethane, phenolic and urea-formaldehyde polymers. These findings evidence the presence in their cellular structure of micromorphological cells (size: 0.01–0.1 micron), which the author terms microcells. It is especially emphasized that these microcells represent the most fundamental and most widely used type of such foamed plastics. The number of these microcells is 102–103 times higher than that of the well-known macrocells; this is why the specific surface area of such polymer substances is larger than 200 m2/g. The physicochemical properties of oligomeric foamed polymers (thermooxidation, electrical and moisture absorption) are explained by the microcell concept. Future trends with regard to new starting materials, methods of preparation, technology, theoretical investigation and long-term perspectives of these plastic foames are discussed.

Keywords

Polyurethane Foam Apparent Density Moisture Absorption Furfuryl Alcohol Syntactic Foam 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Abbreviations

BET

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method

DABCO

triethylenediamine/dipropylene glycol

DC

polymethylsiloxanes

FL-1

Soviet grade of resol phenol-formaldehyde foam

FRP-1

Soviet grade of resol phenol-formaldehyde foam

GSE

Gas-Structural Element

MDI

4,4′-diphenylisocyanate

MGF-1

α, ω-methacryl(bisethylenegly cole) phtalate

MGF-9

α, ω-methacryl(diethyleneglycole) phtalate

NMR

nuclear magnetic resonance method

OEA

oligoester acrylate

OEM

oligoester methacrylate

OFM

oligoester fumarate maleates

PEN-1

Soviet grade of epoxide-novolac phenolic foam

PF foam

phenol-formaldehyde foam

PPU-3

-3S, -102, -305, -305A, -307 Soviet grades of PUR foams

PUR foam

polyurethane foam

RO

reactive oligomer

SE

static electrization

SEP-1

Soviet grade of phenolicurethane foam

SFUP

Soviet grade of phenolicurethane foam

SIN

Simultaneous Interpenetrating Networks

TGM-3

tris(oxyethylene)-α, ω-(dimeth) acrylate

TMGF-11

α, ω-dimethacryl (1,3) bisglycerine-2-phtalate

UF foam

urea-formaldehyde foam

Abbreviations

a

sample thickness; coefficient

A

surface area of foamed plastic

A*o

amplitude of free nuclear induction

C1, C2, C3

empirical coefficients

d

thickness of struts; diameter of the water molecule

df

hydraulic diameter

D

diameter of cell; the most probable size of cells

Di

current diameter of cells

Ebr

breakdown voltage (dielectric strength)

f

frequency of electromagnetic field

F (x)

Weibull function

ħ

Planck constant

H

molar heat of phase transition

k

Boltzmann constant

K

empirical coefficient

K1, K2

coefficients of uniformity of cellular structure

l

length of rib of dodecahedron

la, lb, lc

traces of current via liquid foam

L

capillar length

m

mass of dry foam

mg

mass of gas

mw

mass of water

M

the arithmetic mean value

n

number of rows of foam models

P

porosity; pressure

P0

saturated vapor pressure

Δ Pf

drop of the pressure of liquid

ΔPg

drop of the pressure of water steam

Δ Pc

suction pressure of capillaries

q

electrostatic charge

Q

heat flow

r, R

cell radius

R1, R2

curvature radius

Re

Reynolds number

S

specific surface area

T

temperature

v

flow rate

V

geometric volume of foam

W

weight humidity

α

contact angle

γ

apparent density of foam

γf

density of liquid

γg

density of gas

γ′g

saturation density of gase phase

γp

density of polymer phase

γw

density of water

γ1

gyromagnetic ratio of the nucleus

Γ

gamma-function

δ

thickness of cell wall

tg δ

dielectric losses

ε

dielectric permeability

ηf

kinematic viscosity

κ

electroconductivity

ϑ

volume fraction of phase

ϑg

volume fraction of gas

ϑp

volume fraction of polymer phase

ϑw

volume fraction of water

ϑα

volume fraction of open cells

ϑ*w

volume fraction of equilibrium water

ϑw1

volume fraction of the monomolecular layer of absorbed water

ϑ*max

maximal value of ϑ*w

Θ

correction factor

λ

generalized conductivity

λi

Di/D

νi

the frequency of appearance of cells with size “i”

ρv

volumetric electroresistance

σ

surface tension coefficient; surface density of charge; root-mean-square deviation

τ

current time

τ*

time of equilibrium moisture absorption

τ1

longitudinal relaxation time

ϕ

relative humidity

χ

Pirson criterion

ψ

resistance coefficient

ω

volume humidity

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 1981

Authors and Affiliations

  • Fyodor A. Shutov
    • 1
  1. 1.Physical DepartmentBuilding InstituteLeningradUSSR

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