pp 1-13 | Cite as

MR and CT Techniques

Chapter
Part of the Medical Radiology book series

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and com- puted tomography (CT) are routinely used in female pelvis imaging. MRI is primarily useful for locoregional characterization of benign and malignant diseases. CT is less accurate in locoregional evaluation, but remains useful in the follow-up of treated gynecological malignancies, as well as in the setting of emergency and in the guidance of biopsies. Although transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography (US) is not under the scope of this chapter, it remains the first-line imaging method for most gynecological conditions.

References

  1. Allen BC, Hosseinzadeh K, Qasem SA, Varner A, Leyendecker JR (2014) Practical approach to MRI of female pelvic masses. Am J Roentgenol 202(6):1366–1375. doi: 10.2214/AJR.13.12023 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Bae KT (2010) Intravenous contrast medium administration and scan timing at CT: considerations and approaches. Radiology 256(1):32–61. doi: 10.1148/radiol.10090908 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Bazot M, Bharwani N, Huchon C, Kinkel K, Cunha TM, Guerra A, Manganaro L, Buñesch L, Kido A, Togashi K, Thomassin-Naggara I, Rockall AG (2016) European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) guidelines: MR imaging of pelvic endometriosis. Eur Radiol. doi: 10.1007/s00330-016-4673-z2016 PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Beckett KR, Moriarity AK, Langer JM (2015) Safe use of contrast media: what the radiologist needs to know. Radiographics 35(6):1738–1750. doi: 10.1148/rg.2015150033 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Beddy P, O’Neill AC, Yamamoto AK, Addley HC, Reinhold C, Sala E (2012) FIGO staging system for endometrial cancer: added benefits of MR imaging. Radiographics 32(1):241–254. doi: 10.1148/rg.321115045 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Bernardin L, Dilks P, Liyanage S, Miquel ME, Sahdev A, Rockall A (2012) Effectiveness of semi-quantitative multiphase dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI as a predictor of malignancy in complex adnexal masses: radiological and pathological correlation. Eur Radiol 22(4):880–890. doi: 10.1007/s00330-011-2331-z CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Forstner R, Sala E, Kinkel K, Spencer JA (2010) ESUR guidelines: ovarian cancer staging and follow-up. Eur Radiol 20(12):2773–2780. doi: 10.1007/s00330-010-1886-4 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Forstner R, Thomassin-Naggara I, Cunha TM, Kinkel K, Marselli G, Kubik-Huch R, Spencer JA, Rockall A (2016) ESUR recommendations for MR imaging of the sonographically indeterminate adnexal mass: an update. Eur Radiol. doi: 10.1007/s00330-016-4600-3 Google Scholar
  9. Froehlich JM, Daenzer M, von Weymarn C, Erturk SM, Zollikofer CL, Patak MA (2009) Aperistaltic effect of hyoscine N-butylbromide versus glucagon on the small bowel assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol 19:1387–1393. doi: 10.1007/s00330-008-1293-2 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Goldman LW (2007) Principles of CT and CT technology. J Nucl Med Technol 35(3):115–130. doi: 10.2967/jnmt.107.042978 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Hameeduddin A, Sahdev A (2015) Diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in assessing response and recurrent disease in gynaecological malignancies. Cancer Imaging 15:3. doi: 10.1186/s40644-015-0037-1 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  12. Masselli G, Derchi L, McHugo J, Rockall A, Vock P, Weston M, Spencer J (2013) Acute abdominal and pelvic pain in pregnancy: ESUR recommendations. Eur Radiol 23:3485–3500. doi: 10.1007/s00330-013-2987-7 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Mathur M, Weinreb JC (2016) Imaging patients with renal impairment. Abdom Radiol 41(6):1108–1121. doi: 10.1007/s00261-016-0709-8 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Morsbach F, Bickelhaupt S, Wanner GA, Krauss A, Schmidt B, Alkadhi H (2013) Reduction of metal artifacts from hip prostheses on CT images of the pelvis: value of iterative reconstructions. Radiology 268(1):237–244. doi: 10.1148/radiol.13122089 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Padole A, Khawaja R, Kalra M, Singh S (2014) CT radiation dose and iterative reconstruction techniques. Am J Roentgenol 204:W384–W392. doi: 10.2214/AJR.14.13241 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Qayyum A (2009) Diffusion-weighted imaging in the abdomen and pelvis: concepts and applications. Radiographics 29(6):1797–1810CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Ray J, Vermeulen M, Bharatha A, Montanera W, Park A (2016) Association between MRI exposure during pregnancy and fetal and childhood outcomes. JAMA 316(9):952–961. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.12126 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Rydberg J, Buckwalter KA, Caldemeyer KS et al (2000) Multisection CT: scanning techniques and clinical applications. Radiographics 20(6):1787–1806. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.20.6.g00nv071787 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Sala E, Rockall A, Kubik-Huch R (2011) Advances in magnetic resonance imaging of endometrial cancer. Eur Radiol 21(3):468–473. doi: 10.1007/s00330-010-2010-5 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Sala E, Rockall AG, Freeman SJ, Mitchell DG, Reinhold C (2013) The added role of MR imaging in treatment stratification of patients with gynecologic malignancies: what the radiologist needs to know. Radiology 266(3):717–740. doi: 10.1148/radiol.12120315 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Thomsen HS, Morcos SK, Almen T et al (2013) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and gadolinium-based contrast media: updated ESUR contrast medium safety committee guidelines. Eur Radiol 23(2):307–318. doi: 10.1007/s00330-012-2597-9 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Thomsen HS et al (2016) ESUR Guidelines on Contrast Media Version:9.0. http://www.esur.org/esur-guidelines/
  23. Van der Molen AJ, Thomsen HS, Morcos SK (2004) Effect of iodinated contrast media on thyroid function in adults. Eur Radiol 14(5):902–907. doi: 10.1007/s00330-004-2238-z CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Whittaker CS, Coady A, Culver L, Rustin G, Padwick M, Padhani AR (2009) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of female pelvic tumors: a pictorial review. Radiographics 29(3):759–774. doi: 10.1148/rg.293085130discussion 774–8CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Yitta S, Hecht EM, Slywotzky CM, Bennett GL (2009) Added value of multiplanar reformation in the multidetector CT evaluation of the female pelvis: a pictorial review. Radiographics 29:1987–2005. doi: 10.1148/rg.297095710 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa CentralLisbonPortugal
  2. 2.Hospital Lus00EDadas de LisboaLisbonPortugal
  3. 3.New Medical SchoolLisbonPortugal
  4. 4.Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco GentilLisbonPortugal

Personalised recommendations