Senescence-Associated Genes in Response to Abiotic/Biotic Stresses

  • Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
  • Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza
  • Maria Estrella Santamaria
  • Pablo Gonzalez-Melendi
  • Andrea Gomez-Sanchez
  • Ana Arnaiz
  • Manuel Martinez
  • Isabel Diaz
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Progress in Botany book series (BOTANY, volume 79)

Abstract

Plant senescence is a complex physiological process consequence either of the natural lifespan or externally induced by abiotic and biotic factors. It comprises a coordinated sequence of molecular and biochemical events, phenotypically illustrated by changes in plant colour. Senescence is associated with alterations in chlorophyll and pigment content, reduction of photosynthesis, hydrolysis of macromolecules to produce more simple compounds and dismantling of cell organelles, to finally produce cell death. At the end, relocation of nutrients from the senescent tissues towards sink organs or growing tissues takes place to complete a recycling process. Consequently, the major part of the nitrogen is released as ammonium after being re-assimilated into amino acids to be exported via the phloem to the developing grains, fruits and tubers. During senescence, the reprograming of thousands of genes is triggered in response to specific senescence-promoting factors under a restricted regulatory control. The actual high-throughput omics technologies have led to the generation of integrative information, which has been used to understand the physiological changes during the onset and progression of senescence. This chapter covers an overview on plant senescence, particularly focussed on the senescence of the leaf, including the most recent findings about features, signalling, regulation and pathways involved in this natural or induced process.

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Notes

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the project from Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad e Industria of Spain (BIO2014-53508-R). B.V.-A. a and A.G.-S. had FPI contracts and M.E.S. Juan de la Cierva contract, all of them from the same Spanish Ministry.

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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
    • 1
  • Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza
    • 1
  • Maria Estrella Santamaria
    • 1
  • Pablo Gonzalez-Melendi
    • 1
  • Andrea Gomez-Sanchez
    • 1
  • Ana Arnaiz
    • 1
  • Manuel Martinez
    • 1
  • Isabel Diaz
    • 1
  1. 1.Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de PlantasUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain

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