Abstract
Continuous time deterministic epidemic models are traditionally formulated as systems of ordinary differential equations for the numbers of individuals in various disease states, with the sojourn time in a state being exponentially distributed. Time delays are introduced to model constant sojourn times in a state, for example, the infective or immune state. Models then become delay-differential and/or integral equations. For a review of some epidemic models with delay see van den Driessche [228]. More generally, an arbitrarily distributed sojourn time in a state, for example, the infective or immune state, is used by some authors (see [69] and the references therein).
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Arino, J., van den Driessche, P. (2006). TIME DELAYS IN EPIDEMIC MODELS. In: Arino, O., Hbid, M., Dads, E.A. (eds) Delay Differential Equations and Applications. NATO Science Series, vol 205. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3647-7_13
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