Skip to main content

Physical grounds for acoustic remote sensing of the atmospheric boundary layer

  • Part One Atmospheric Acoustics And Instrumentation
  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Acoustic Remote Sensing Applications

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences ((LNEARTH,volume 69))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. G.W. Gilman, H.B. Coxhead and F.H. Willis, “Reflection of sound signals in the troposphere”, J. Acoust. Soc. Amers., 18, 274–283, 1946.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. J. Tyndall, “On the atmosphere as a vehicle of sound”, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 164, 183–244, 1874.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Rayleigh (J.W. Strutt), “The Theory of Sound”, Macmillan, New York, 1877. (Amer. ed., Dover, New York, 1945).

    Google Scholar 

  4. H. Sieg, “Uber die Schallaus breitung im Freien und ihre Abhangigkeit von den Wetterbedingungen”, Elektr. Nachr. Techn., 17, No. 5, 193–199, 1940.

    Google Scholar 

  5. A.M. Obukhov, “Scattering of sound in turbulent flow”, Doklady Akademii Nuak SSSR., 30, 611–614, 1941 (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  6. A.M. Obukhov, “On sound propagation in vortical flow”, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR., 39, 46–49, 1943 (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  7. D. Blokhintzev, “The propagation of sound in an inhomogeneous and moving medium” I, II, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 18, 322–334, 1946.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. D.I. Blokhintzev, “Acoustics of inhomogeneous moving medium”, Moscow 1946, 2nd ed. Moscow “Nauka”, 206 p., 1981 (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  9. V.I. Tatarskii, “Wave Propagation in a Turbulent Medium”, Moscow, 1959 (translated from Russian by R.A. Silverman, Dover, New York, 1961).

    Google Scholar 

  10. V.I. Tatarskii, “The Effects of the Turbulent Atmosphere on Wave propagation”, Moscow, 1967 (translated from Russian by J.W. Strohbehn, Israel Program of Scientific Translations, 1971. (Avilable from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va).

    Google Scholar 

  11. A.S. Monin, “Characteristics of the scattering of sound in a turbulent atmosphere”, Sov. Phys. Acoust., Engl. Transl., 7, 370–373, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  12. C.L. Pekeris, “Note on scattering in an inhomogeneous medium”, Phys., Rev., 71, No. 4, 268, 1947.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. R.H. Kraichnan, “The scattering of sound in a turbulent medium”, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 25, 1096–1104, 1953.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. M.J. Lighthill, “On the energy scattered from the interaction of turbulence with sound or shock waves”, Proc. Combridge Phil. Soc., 49, 513–555, 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  15. G.K. Batchelor, “Wave scattering due to turbulence”, in: Symposium on Naval Hydraulics, edited by F.S. Sherman, 409–423, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C., 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  16. C.G. Little, “Acoustic methods for the remote probing of the lower atmosphere”, Proc. IEEE, 57, 571–578, 1969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. M.A. Kallistratova, “An experimental investigation in the scattering of sound in turbulent atmoshere, “Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 125, 69–72, 1959a (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  18. M.A. Kallistratova, “Experimental investigation of sound wave scattering in the atmosphere”, Tr. Inst. Fiz. Atmos., “Atmos. Turbulentnost”, 4, 203–256, 1961. (In Russian, English translation, U.S. Air Force FTD TT-63-441).

    Google Scholar 

  19. M.A. Kallistratova, “Acoustic and radio-acoustic remote sensing studies in C.I.S. (Former U.S.S.R.)-current status”, Int. J. Remote Sensing, 15, No. 2, 251–266, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. G. Kelton and P. Bricout, “Wind velocity measurements using sonic techniques”, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 45, 571–580, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  21. L.G. McAllister, “Acoustic sounding of the lower troposphere”, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 30, 1439–1440, 1968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. E.H. Brown and F.F. Hall, Jr., “Advances in atmospheric acoustics”, Review of Geophysics and Space Physics, 16, No 2, 47–110, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. W.D. Neff and R.L. Coulter, “Acoustic remote sensing”, in: Probing the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, D.N. Lenschow editor, p. 201–266, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Boston, M.A., 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  24. S.P. Singal, “Acoustic sounding stability studies”, In: P.N. Cheremisinoff (Ed.), Air Pollution Control, Encycl. of Environ. Control. Technology, vol. 2, Gulf Publ. Comp., 1003–1061, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  25. S.P. Singal, “Current status of air quality related boundary layer meteorology studies using sodar“, Proc. 5th Intern. Symposium on Acoustic Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Oceans, 453–476, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  26. A. Weill and H.-R. Lehmann, “Twenty years of acoustic sounding—a review and some application”, Z. Meteorol., 40, 241–250, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  27. D.N. Asimakopoulos and C.G. Helmis, “Recent advances on atmospheric acoustic sounding”, Int. J. Remotes Sensing, vol. 15, No. 2, 223–233, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. L.A. Chernov, “Waves in randomly inhomogeneous media”, Moscow, Nauka, 173 p., 1975 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. Ishimaru, “Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media II”, 317 p., 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  30. M.A. Kallistratova and A.I. Kon, “Radio-acoustical sounding of the atmosphere”, Moscow, Nauka, 197 p., 1985 (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  31. N.P. Krasnenko, “Acoustical sounding of the atmosphere”, Novosibirsk, Nauka, 167 p., 1986 (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  32. S.M. Rytov, Yu.A. Kravtzov and V.I. Tatarskii, “Principles of statistical radio physics, Part 4, Wave propagation through random media”, Berlin, Springer, 463 p., 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  33. V.E. Ostashev, “Sound propagation in moving media”, Moscow, Nauka, 208. p., 1992 (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  34. A.S. Monin and A.M. Yaglom, “Statistical Fluid Mechanics”, I, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  35. N.N. Andreev and I.G. Rusakov, “Acoustics of moving media”, Moscow, GTTI, 150 p., 1934 (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  36. M.A. Kallistratova and V.I. Tatarskii, “Accounting for wind turbulence in the calculation of sound scattering in the atmosphere”, Sov. Phys. Acoust., Engl. Transl., 6, 503–505, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  37. M.L. Wesely, “The combined effect of temperature and humitity fluctuations on refractive index”, J. Appl. Meteorol., 15, 43–49, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. W. Kohsiek, “Measuring C 2T , C 2q , C 2Tq in the instable surface layer and relations to the vertical fluxes of heat and moisture”, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 24, No. 1, 89–107, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. S.W. Fairal, D.E. Schacher, K.L. Davidson, “Measurements of the humidity structure function parameters C 2tq , C 2q over the ocean”, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 19, No. 1, 81–92, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. E.E. Gossard, “Power spectra of temperature humidity and refractive index from aircraft and tethered balloon measurements”, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., AP-3, 186–201, 1960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. L.G. Yelagina, B.M. Koprov and D.F. Timanovskiy, “Certain characteristics of the atmospheric surface layer above show”, Izvestiya, Atmosph. and Ocean Physics, 14, No 9, 652–655, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  42. V.E. Ostashev, “Sound propagation and scattering in media with random inhimogeneities of sound speed, density and medium velocity”, Waves in Random Media, 4, Sept., 1–26, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. A.S. Monin and A.M. Yaglom, “Statistical Fluid Mechanics” II, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  44. A.S. Gurvich, and A.I. Kon, “Aspect sensitivity of radar returns from anisotropic turbulent irregularities”, “J. Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 7, No 10, 1343–1353, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. A.S. Gurvich, “On the scattering of sound and radio waves by turbulent structures in the stratosphere”, Izvestiya, Atmosph. and Ocean Physics, 30, No. 1, 3–12, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  46. M.A. Kallistratova, “Procedure for investigating sound scattering in the atmosphere”, Sov. Phys. Acoust., 5, 512–514, 1959 (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  47. W. Baerg and W.H. Schwarz, “Measurements of the scattering of sound from turbulence”, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 39, No. 6, 1125–1132, 1965.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. A. Spizzichino, “The refraction of acoustic waves in the atmosphere and its effect on sodar winds measurement”, Ann. Telecommun., vol. 29, 301–310, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  49. American National Standard Method for the Calculation of the Absorption of Sound by the Atmosphere. — ANSI S1; 26-1978/ASA-27, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  50. S.F. Clifford and E.H. Brown, “Excess attenuation in echosonde signals”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 67(6), 1967–1973, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. V.M. Bovsheverov and G.A. Karyukin, “Influence of wind on the accuracy of determination of the temperature structure parameter by acoustic sounding”, Izvestiya, Atmosph. and Ocean Physics, 17, No. 2, 151–156, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  52. R.J. Doviak and D.S. Zrnic, “Reflection and scatter formula for anisotropic air”, Radio Sci., 19, No. 1, 325–236, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. W.D. Neff, “Quantitative evaluation of acoustic echoes from the planetary boundary layer”, NOAA Tech. Rep., ERL 322-WPL 38 Boulder CO, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  54. M.A. Kallistratova and I.V. Petenko, “Aspect sensitivity of the sound backscattering in the atmospheric boundary layer”, J. Appl. Phys. B:, 57, 41–48, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. S.P. Singal, B.S. Gera, M.A. Kallistratova, I.V. Petenko, “Sodar aspect sensitivity studies in the convective boundary layer”, Proc. 7th ISARS, editor: W.D. Neff, 3–7 October 1994, Boulder, Colorado, 1.19–1.24, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  56. H. Ottersten, M. Hurting, G. Stilke, et al, “Shipborne sodar measurements during Jonswap 2”, J. Geoph. Research, 79, No. 36, 5573–5584, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. G.L. Bonvallet, “Levels and spectra of traffic, industrial and residential area noise”, J. Acoust. Soc. America, 23, No 3, 435–439, 1951.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. P.B. Ostergaard and R. Donley, “Background-noise levels in suburban communities”, J. Acoust. Soc. America, vol. 36, No. 3, 409–413, 1964.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. R.H. Macmillan, “The control of noise from surface transport”, J. Sound and Vibration, 43, No 2, 173–87, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. N. Olson, “Survey of motor vehicle noise”, J. Acoust. Soc. America, 52, No. 5, Part 1, 1291–1306, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. M. Fukushima, K. Akita and H. Tanaka, “Night time profiles of temperature fluctuations deduced from two-year sodar observations”, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jap., 53, 487–491, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  62. I.A. Bourne and T.D. Keenan, “High power acoustic radar”, Nature, 251, 206, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. M.S. Frankel, N.S.F. Chang, M.J. Sanders, “A high frequency radio acoustic sounder for remote measurement of atmospheric winds and temperature”, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 58, No. 9, 928–934, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. O.V. Rudenko and S.I. Solujan, “Theoretical backgrounds the nonlinear acoustics” Moscow, Nauka, 288 p, 1975, (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  65. S.D. Danilov, M.A Kallistratova, “Nonlinear sound attenuation in acoustic and radioacoustic sounding of the atmosphere”, Izvestiya, Atmosph. and Ocean Physics, 23, No. 9, 740–742, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  66. S.D. Danilov, A.E. Gur'yanov, M.A. Kallistratova, I.V. Petenko, S.P. Singal, D.R. Pahwa, B.S. Gera, “Acoustic calibration of sodar”, Meas. Sci. Technol., 3, 1001–1007, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. M.A. Kallistratova, I.V. Petenko, E.A. Shurygin, “Sodar studies of the wind velocity field in the lower troposphere”, Izvestiya, Atmosph. and Ocean Physics, 23, No. 5, 339–345, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  68. I.V. Petenko, E.A. Shurygin, “Comparison of sodar and turbulent measurement”, In Proc. of the ‘Field Experiment KOPEX-86, Prague 1988, 37–54, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  69. P.L. Finkelstein, J.C. Kaimal, J.E. Gaynor, M.E. Graves and T.J. Lockhart, “Comparison of wind monitoring systems, Part II: Doppler sodars”, J. Atmos. and Oceanic Tech., 3, 594–604, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. J.E. Gaynor, “Accuracy of sodar wind variance measurements”, Int. J. Remote Sensing, 15, No. 2, 313–324, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. A.E. Gur'yanov, M.A. Kallistratova, G.A. Karjukin, V.P. Kukharetz, I.V. Petenko, S.L. Zubkovskii, “Reliability of determinations on the vertical profile of the temperature structure parameter in the atmosphere by acoustic sounding”, Izvestiya, Atmosph. and Ocean Physics, 17, No. 1, 107–111, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  72. D.N. Asimakopoulos, R.S. Cole, S.J. Caughey, B.A. Crease, “A quantitative comparison between acoustic sounder returns and the direct measurement of atmospheric temperature fluctuations”, Bound. Layer Meteor., 10, 137–147, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. T.J. Moulsley, D.N. Asimakopoulos, R.S. Cole, B.A. Crease, S.J. Caughey, “Measurement of boundary layer structure parameter profiles by acoustic sounding and comparison with direct measurements”, Guart. J.R. Met. Soc., 107, 203–230, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. D.A. Haugen and J.C. Kaimal, “Measuring temperature structure parameter profiles with an acoustic sounder”, J. of Appl. Met., 17, 895–899, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. W.D. Neff, “Beamwidth effects on acoustic backscatter in the planetary boundary layer”, J. Applied Meteorology, 17, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Y. Chen, S. Li, N. Lu, “The C 2T by sodar and in situ measurement”, Sci. Atmos. Sin., 8, No. 2, 153–160, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  77. A.E. Gur'yanov, M.A. Kallistratova, A.S. Kutyrev, I.V. Petenko, P.V. Shcheglov, A.A. Tokovinin, “The contribution of the lower atmospheric layers to the seeing at some mountain observatories”, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 262, 373–381, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  78. M.A. Kallistratova, “Sodar data as short-range dispersion models input”, Proc. 7th Intern. Symposium on Acoustic Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Oceans (Ed. W.D. Neff), Boulder, 3–7 October, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  79. E.A. Shurygin, “On automatic recognition of echo-sounders pattern using Doppler sodar”, in Proc. 8th Intern. Symposium on Acoustic Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Oceans (Ed. M.A. Kallistratova), Moscow, pp. 3.61–3.66, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  80. M.A. Kallistratova, I.V. Petenko, M.S. Pekour, B.S. Agrovskii, “Experimental investigation of sound scattering at an angle of 90°”, Ibid., pp. 1.23–1.27, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  81. V.I. Petenko, “Coherent structure properties derived from sodar data”, Ibid., pp. G.51–G62, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

S. P. Singal

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Narosa Publishing House

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kallistratova, M.A. (1997). Physical grounds for acoustic remote sensing of the atmospheric boundary layer. In: Singal, S.P. (eds) Acoustic Remote Sensing Applications. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, vol 69. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0009558

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0009558

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-61612-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-70743-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics