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Exosome and Secretion: Action On?

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Regulation of Cancer Immune Checkpoints

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1248))

Abstract

Originally treated as part of a cellular waste, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are being shown to possess a vast variety of functions, of which exosome is the most studied one. Most cells, such as tumor cells, immunocytes, and fibroblasts can secrete exosomes, especially under certain stresses the amount is much higher, and the contents of exosome represent the status of the donor cells and the tumor microenvironment. As crucial transporters for cells’ content exchange, much attention has been raised in the utilities of exosomes to suppress immune response, and to modify a microenvironment favorable for cancer progression. Exosomal immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), contribute to immunosuppression and are associated with anti-PD-1 response. Many forms of soluble immune checkpoint receptors have also been shown to influence efficacy mediated by their therapeutic antibodies. Therefore, targeting pro-tumorous exosomes may achieve antitumor effect supplementary to existing therapies. Exosome, itself natural liposome-like structure, allows it to be a potential drug delivery tool.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200093, China

    Ye Hu

  2. Women’s Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA

    Ye Hu

  3. Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200093, China

    Rui Zhang

  4. Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA

    Rui Zhang

  5. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, People’s Republic of China

    Gang Chen

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  2. Rui Zhang
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  1. Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

    Jie Xu

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Hu, Y., Zhang, R., Chen, G. (2020). Exosome and Secretion: Action On?. In: Xu, J. (eds) Regulation of Cancer Immune Checkpoints. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1248. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_19

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