Skip to main content

Circular Economy in Vietnam

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Circular Economy: Global Perspective

Abstract

The chapter presents the situation of waste generation and waste management in Vietnam, a middle-income country that has the fastest growth economies within the last 30 years. Along with the development, the country is now faced with the increase of waste in many types, especially the domestic waste, while the infrastructure for waste management is still inadequate. Vietnam has not any specific term on circular economy; nevertheless, the necessary of circle the natural resources has been emphasized in many momentous legislation documents and also found in many actual sub-models for recycle and reuse of waste. In fact, the volume of recycled materials in Vietnam is still small comparing to the input of the economy, and still far from its target on reducing the landfill rate of collected waste. Because of that, in the near future, Vietnam is still focused on 3R policy to build a proper infrastructure before applying the circular economy concept and frame for the sustainable development of the country.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Baldé, C., Forti, V., Gray, V., Kuehr, R., & Stegmann, P. (2017). The global e-waste monitor—2017. United Nations University (UNU), International Telecommunication Union (ITU) & International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), Bonn/Geneva/Vienna.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldé, C. P., Wang, F., Kuehr, R., & Huisman, J. (2015). ‘The global e-waste monitor-2014 (p. 22). Bonn, Germany: United Nations University, IAS—SCYCLE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Communist Party of Vietnam, 11th Central Executive Committee, 7th Congress. (2013). Resolution No. 24-NQ/TW: Proactive response to climate change, improvement of natural resource management and environmental protection (dated 3 June, 2013), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Communist Party of Vietnam, Political Bureau. (1998). Directive No. 36/1998/CT-TW: Strengthening environmental protection in the period of industrialization and modernization (dated 25 June, 1998), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Communist Party of Vietnam, Political Bureau. (2004). Resolution No. 41-NQ/TW: Environmental protection in the period of industrialization and modernization (dated 15 November, 2004), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Communist Party of Vietnam, Secretariat Committee. (2009). Directive No. 29-CT/TW: Continuing the implementation of Resolution No. 41-NQ/TW (dated 21 January, 2009), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Communist Party of Vietnam, The 11th Central Executive Committee. (2011). Socio-economic Development Strategy 2011–2020 (dated 16 February, 2011). Document of XI Congress of the Party, Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doan, H.D., Thang, K.C., et al. (2010). Recycling and reuse ash from coal fire power plants in Vietnam. In: Proceedings of Third National Conference on Mineral Enrichment, The Publishing House of Natural Science and Technology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2017). Inforgraphic: Circular economy system diagram. Retrieved from https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy/infographic.

  • Gardner, R. (2019, June 26). Southeast Asian legal research Guide: introduction to Vietnam & its legal system. Australia: The University of Melbourne. Retrieved from https://unimelb.libguides.com/c.php?g=402982&p=5862045.

  • General Statistics Office of Viet Nam. (2018). Retrieved 25th February 2019 from https://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=714.

  • Government of Vietnam. (2012d). Resolution No. 06/NQ-CP: Issuing the Government’s action program 2011–2016 (dated 7 March 2012), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Vietnam. (2014b). Resolution No. 08/NQ-CP: Issuing action program of the Government to implement Resolution No. 24-NQ/TW on Proactive response to climate change, improvement of natural resource management and environmental protection (dated 23 January, 2014), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Vietnam. (2015). Decree 19/2015/ND-CP: Detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the law on environmental protection (dated 14 February 2015), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Vietnam, Prime Minister of Vietnam. (2005). Decision No. 34/2005/QD-TTG: Issuing action program of the government to implement Resolution No. 41-NQ/TW on environmental protection in the period of industrialization and modernization (dated 22 February 2005), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Vietnam, Prime Minister of Vietnam. (2009). Decision No. 1419/QĐ-TTg: Approval of the strategy on cleaner production in industry to 2020 (07 September 2009), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Vietnam, Prime Minister of Vietnam. (2012a). Decision No. 432/QD-TTg: Approval of sustainable development strategy of Vietnam period 2011–2020 (dated 12 April, 2012), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Vietnam, Prime Minister of Vietnam. (2012b). Decision No. 1216/QD-TTg: Approval of national environmental protection strategy by 2020, with a vision toward 2030 (dated 05 September 2012), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Vietnam, Prime Minister of Vietnam. (2012c). Decision No. 1393/QD-TTg: Approval of the national green growth strategy (25 September 2012), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Vietnam, Prime Minister of Vietnam. (2013). Decision 50/2013/QD-TTg: On prescribing retrieval and disposal of discarded products (dated 9 August 2013), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Vietnam, Prime Minister of Vietnam. (2014a). Decision No. 166/QD-TTg: Issuing the plan for implementation of national environmental protection strategy by 2020, with a vision toward 2030 (dated 21 January 2014), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Vietnam, Prime Minister of Vietnam. (2017). Decision 452/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister approving the project on promoting the handling and use of ash, slag and gypsum of thermal power, chemical and fertilizer plants as secondary material source for construction materials and in construction works (12 April 2017), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Vietnam, Prime Minister of Vietnam. (2018). Decision No. 491/QĐ-TTg: Approving adjustments to national strategy on integrated solid waste management to 2025 with a vision towards 2050 (07 May 2018), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Vietnam, The Ministry of Finance. (2016). Circular No. 128/2016/TT-BTC: On export duty exemption and reduction for environment-friendly products and products from recycling and waste treatment prescribed in the Government’s Decree No. 19/2015/ND-CP of February 14, 2015, detailing a number of articles of the law on environmental protection (dated 9 August, 2016), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government Party Committee. (2018). Report on assessment of 5 years implementing resolution 24-NQ/TW on proactive response to climate change, strengthening resource management and environmental protection.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee (2018). Decision 44/2018/QD-UBND of the People’s Committee on regulation the municipal solid waste sorting in the city (dated 14 November 2018), Ho Chi Minh City.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoornweg, D., & Bhada-Tata, P. (2012). What a waste: A global review of solid waste management [Urban development series; knowledge papers No. 15]. The World Bank, Washington DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoornweg, D., Thomas, L., & Otten, L. (2000). Composting and its applicability in developing countries. Working Paper Series 8, Published for the Urban Development Division. The World Bank, Washinton DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jambeck, J. R., Andrady, A., Geyer, R., Narayan, R., Perryman, M., Siegler, T., et al. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science, 347, 768–771.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khai, C. D. (2018). Review of Vietnam Steel Industry in 2017, and outlook for 2018. On the 2018 Southeast Asia Iron and Steel Institute Conference: ASEAN Steel Industry—Next Leap of Transformation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luong, N. D., Giang, H. M., Thanh, B. X., & Nguyen The Hung. (2013). Challenges for municipal solid waste management practices in Vietnam. Waste Technology, 1(1), 17–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Agriculture. (December 18, 2006) Circular No. 116/2006/TT-BNN providing guidance on implementation of some articles of the Government’s Decree No. 66/2006/ND-CP dated July 7, 2006 on development of rural professions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. (2014). Research topics of socio-economic efficiency in the development of craft villages nationwide. Survey of craft villages of MARD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Construction and JICA. (2017, September). Overview of Vietnam solid waste, project on capacity building on integrated municipal solid waste management in Vietnam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Industry and Trade. (2018, August 13). Official letter No. 6340/BCT-XNK of the Minister to providing information on scrap import and use as production material.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (2011). National state of environment report 2011—Solid waste. Vietnam Publishing House of Natural Resources, Environment and Cartography.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (2015). National state of environment report 2011–2015 (pp. 54). Vietnam Publishing House of Natural Resources, Environment and Cartography.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (2016). National state of environment report 2016-Urban environment (pp. 92). Vietnam Publishing House of Natural Resources, Environment and Cartography.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (2017). National state of environment report 2017—Waste management. Vietnam Publishing House of Natural Resources, Environment and Cartography.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (2018). Report on solid waste management in Viet Nam. Workshop with Ministry of Environment of Japan.

    Google Scholar 

  • MONRE. (2011). National state of environment report 2011-solid waste (pp. 20). Vietnam Publishing House of Natural Resources, Environment and Cartography.

    Google Scholar 

  • MONRE. (2012). Master Program of Strengthening control of environmental pollution caused by using non-biodegradable plastic bag in daily life up to 2020.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, N. H. (2014). Some economics of climate change adaptation in Vietnam (Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia). Retrieved from http://arrow.latrobe.edu.au:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/latrobe:37965.

  • Vu, N. D., Son, N. H. (2013). Summary assessment of combined agroforestry models orientated for stable development along the corridor of Ho Chi Minh road, A Luoi district, Thua Thien—Hue. Journal of Science. 47, 67–75. ISSN 1859-3100. (HCMC University of Education).

    Google Scholar 

  • Plastic Europe. (2017). Plastic—the fact (pp. 16).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, D. Q., Yamasue, E., Okumura, H., & Ishihara, K. N. (2009). Use and disposal of large home electronic appliances in Vietnam. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 11(4), 358–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thang, K. C., & Quy, N. Đ. (2011, October) Current state and perspective of coal fire power plant’ ash reuse and recycling in Việt Nam. In: Proceedings of Conference on Gypsum Recovery (held by Vietnam Association for Building Materials), Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • The National Assembly of Socialist Republic of Vietnam. (2005). Law on environmental protection. Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • The National Assembly of Socialist Republic of Vietnam. (2010). Mineral law. Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • The National Assembly of Socialist Republic of Vietnam. (2012). Land on water resources. Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • The National Assembly of Socialist Republic of Vietnam. (2013). Land law. Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • The National Assembly of Socialist Republic of Vietnam. (2014). Law on environmental protection. Hanoi.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP. (2007). E-waste: Volume I, Inventory Assessment Manual, 2007 (pp. 30).

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Arkadie, B. (2003). Viet Nam: A transition tiger? Canberra, Australia: ANU E Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vietnam Plastic Asscociation (2017). Overview of Vietnam Plastic Industry 2010–2015. Retrieved from http://vpas.vn/gioi-thieu/tong-quan-nganh.html.

  • Vietnam Plastic Association. (2018, August 8). Official letter No. 39/CV-HHNVN of the Vietnam Plastic Association to Prime Minister and other related Ministries and offices on the Situation and Solution suggestion for imported plastic scrap issue. HCMC.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Huynh Trung Hai .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hai, H.T., Quang, N.D., Thang, N.T., Nam, N.H. (2020). Circular Economy in Vietnam. In: Ghosh, S. (eds) Circular Economy: Global Perspective. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1052-6_22

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics