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Recent Trends in Human and Animal Mycology pp 3–26Cite as

Pythiosis

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Abstract

Pythiosis is a granulomatous disease that affects subcutaneous, vascular, ocular, and gastrointestinal tissues of many humans and animals. The disease is caused by the fungus-like pathogen Pythium insidiosum, an oomycete found predominantly in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Pythiosis in animals (horses and dogs) has been more prevalent in the American continent, while the disease in humans has been mostly reported from Thailand. Susceptibility according to age, sex, and breed of the animals is not considered as determinants for infection. Continuous stay in stagnant water with the presence of abundant plant material is the most important factor responsible for the infection, since the disease is acquired in aquatic environment due to the penetration of motile biflagellate zoospores into injured skin. Diagnosis of pythiosis is often difficult, delayed, and time-consuming due to the lack of clinical experience and diagnostic techniques. Treatment of choice is frequently relied upon extensive surgery, which, however, is not always possible due to the great extension of the lesions. Frequently, the disease has a poor prognosis, leading animals to death or euthanasia. In humans, removal of the infected organ or death is the common outcome. Therefore, new diagnosis methodologies and treatment approaches against pythiosis and its etiological agent would be among the most studied fields in the near future.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP/Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

    Sandra de Moraes Gimenes Bosco, Jéssica Luana Chechi & Giselle Souza da Paz

  2. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Theerapong Krajaejun

Authors
  1. Sandra de Moraes Gimenes Bosco
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  2. Jéssica Luana Chechi
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  3. Giselle Souza da Paz
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  4. Theerapong Krajaejun
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sandra de Moraes Gimenes Bosco or Theerapong Krajaejun .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Karuna Singh

  2. Department of Zoology, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Neelabh Srivastava

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de Moraes Gimenes Bosco, S., Chechi, J.L., da Paz, G.S., Krajaejun, T. (2019). Pythiosis. In: Singh, K., Srivastava, N. (eds) Recent Trends in Human and Animal Mycology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9435-5_1

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