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Carbon Footprint in Eroded Soils and Its Impact on Soil Health

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Soil Health Restoration and Management

Abstract

Climate change, soil degradation, and losses in the biodiversity have led the soil to become one of the most vulnerable resources on the earth. The tremendous scientific advancement made until now has made possible through the protection, monitoring, and surveillance of soil resources at national and global levels. However protection and management of soil resources still have to face the complex challenges, which prevent the effective planning of policies in the sector and implementation, that vary generally from place to place. Though, there is still not sufficient support for the protection and sustainable management of the soil resources in the world. The soils contain appreciable amount of terrestrial carbon (c), which plays an essential role in its balance at global level through the regulation of dynamic, biogeochemical processes and exchange of greenhouse gases (GHGs) with the atmosphere. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are estimated to be 1500 ± 230 Gt C in the first meter of land, almost twice the atmospheric 828 Gt C as carbon dioxide (CO2). Burning of fossil fuels, the use of the earth and change of land cover (which includes agriculture), is the largest anthropogenic source of C in the atmosphere and within the agriculture systems, the land have a global source of GHGs. These processes and emissions are highly influenced by the use of land pattern, land use change, plant cover, and soil management. The SOC stocks in the upper layers of the soil (800 Gt C in 0–40) cm) are particularly sensitive and receptive to such changes in land use and management, which provides the chance to influence the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. This can be attained by keeping existing soil C stocking soils with high soil organic C content or by soil C sequestration. The aim of this chapter is to produce the obtainable information of C stocks in various types of soils and agroclimatic zones. Soil erosion/soil degradation and main management operations and strategies influence C sequestration, and vast-scale policy interventions are needed in Indian environment.

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Abbreviations

CDIAC:

Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center

FAI:

Fertilizer Association of India

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization

GHGs:

Greenhouse Gases

ICRISAT:

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

LIC:

Lithogenic Inorganic Carbon

Mha:

Million Hectares

MRT:

Mean Residence Time

NBSS LUP:

National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning

OC:

Organic Carbon

POC:

Particulate Organic Matter

RMPs:

Recommended Management Practices

SAT:

Semiarid Tropics

SOC:

Soil Organic Carbon

SOM:

Soil Organic Matter

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Mehraj U. Din Dar

  2. College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sher i Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Shakeel Ahmad Bhat

  3. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

  4. Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology(IIT), Roorkee, Uttrarakhand, India

    Aamir Ishaq Shah

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    Ram Swaroop Meena

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Dar, M.U.D., Bhat, S.A., Meena, R.S., Shah, A.I. (2020). Carbon Footprint in Eroded Soils and Its Impact on Soil Health. In: Meena, R. (eds) Soil Health Restoration and Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8570-4_1

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