Abstract
The BRI narrative have deep roots in the China’s post liberation history. It is the product of the confrontation between the current China’s political system and the Western attempts to subvert it. It is a counter narrative to Western narrative of China. One of the objective of BRI is to bring back Chinese traditions and Chinese culture as the core of the China’s internal and external narrative. Since the reform and opening up of China, Silk Road became a symbol of China’s openness towards outside world. Silk Road projected a benevolent and open China centered on exchanges of trade and culture. BRI is only a modern form of the continuation of Silk Road narrative of China. In its modern form it evolved through campaigns of re-Sinicization of China and China dream campaign. However, the term Belt and Road decreased its effectiveness.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
Shaoying Zhang and Derek McGhee, China’s Ethical Revolution and Regaining Legitimacy Reforming the Communist Party through Its Public Servants (Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017), 12.
- 2.
Carry Huang, “Paranoia from Soviet Union collapse haunts China’s Communist Party,” South China Morning Post, November 18, 2013, http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1359350/paranoia-soviet-union-collapse-haunts-chinas-communist-party-22-years (accessed November 12, 2017).
- 3.
Lin Yanhu and Feng Yanli, “Dui Sulian Jieti Jiaoxun de zai renshi” [Rethinking the lessons from Soviet Union’s Disintegration], Qiushi [Qiushi], September 8, 2016, http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/hqwg/2016-09/08/c_1119530393.htm (accessed March 9, 2018).
- 4.
Ibid.
- 5.
Wen Jian, “Ba wo guoji huayu quanyou xiao chuan bo zhong guoshang yin” [To grasp the international discourse power and effectively spread the Chinese voice – An analysis of the Xi Jinping’s ideas and Thinking on the External Propaganda Work], Xinhua wang [Xinhua net], April 6, 2016. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2016-04/06/c_1118542256.htm (accessed March 9, 2018).
- 6.
“China story” means the generally stories about China’s economic success story.
- 7.
Ibid.
- 8.
Li Shenming, “Hua yu quan bang zhu xi fang long duan shi jie” [Did the power of discourse helped the West to monopolise the world?], Qiushi [Qiushi Journal], December 9, 2014, http://www.qstheory.cn/politics/2014-12/09/c_1113573063.htm (accessed March 9, 2018).
- 9.
“Deng Xiaoping: rang yi bu fen ren xian fu qi lai” [Deng Xiaoping: let some people get rich first], Zhongguo Gongchandang xinwen [News of the Communist Party of China], http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/34136/2569304.html (accessed March 8, 2018).
- 10.
Ken Shepherd, “UMD grad apologizes for offending her native China in pro-free-speech commencement address,” Washington Times, May 24, 2017. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/may/24/yang-shuping-univ-of-maryland-graduate-apologizes-/ (accessed March 9, 2018).
- 11.
Li Daokui, “Jiejian ying mei ri ba zhong guoli lun jiang tou che” [Make thorough Chinese theory by Borrowing from the experiences of England, US and Japan], Beijing Ribao [Beijing Daily], February 26, 2018, http://www.bjd.com.cn/sy/llzk/201802/26/t20180226_11080938.html (accessed March 8, 2018).
- 12.
Ibid.
- 13.
Han zhenfeng, “Xi Jinping xin shi dai zhong guo te se she hui si xiang de nei zai luo ji” [The internal logic of Xi jinping’s new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics], Zhongguo Gongchandang xinwen wang [CPCnews Net], December 9, 2017, http://theory.people.com.cn/n1/2017/1219/c40531-29715166.html (accessed March 9, 2018).
- 14.
She Shuanghao, “tui dong Xi Jinping xin shi dai zhong guo te se she hui si xiang shen ru ren xin” [Promoting Xi jinping’s new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics deep into people’s hearts], Lilun Zhong guo [China Theory], March 11, 2018, http://www.china.com.cn/opinion/theory/2018-03/11/content_50697824.htm (accessed March 11, 2018).
- 15.
Dai Xu, “Zhongguo zui da de weixie” [China’s biggest threats], Hongge hui wang [Red Song Association Net], April 30, 2014, http://www.szhgh.com/Article/opinion/xuezhe/2014-04-29/50680.html (accessed December 9, 2017).
- 16.
Mahmood Mamdani, “Libya after the NATO invasion,” Al Jazeera, April 10, 2011, https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/04/201148174154213745.html (accessed December 26, 2017).
- 17.
“Libiya “sui pian hua”, Xifang nan ci qi jiu” [The West is to blame for Libya’s fragmentation], Jie fang Junbao [Liberation Army Daily], October 25, 2014, http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2014-10-25/0319807416.html (accessed December 8, 2017).
- 18.
Ye Hailin, “Libiya “zhan zheng” de jiao xun” [Lessons from Libyan war], Dang Zheng lun tan [Party & Government Forum], No. 10 (2011), p. 37.
- 19.
Zuo Fengrong, “Xifang zhicai xia dee luo si” [Russia under Western Sanctions], cpcnews.cn, February 2, 2015, http://theory.people.com.cn/n/2015/0202/c40531-26490412.html (accessed November 6, 2017).
- 20.
Wu Xu, “RT: E luo si “xin wen xin xi zhan” zhong de xin wang pai” [RT: Russia’s new ace in news and information warfare], Duiwai chuanbo [International Communications], No. 7 (2014), pp. 23–25.
- 21.
Jiang yingchun, “dang dai xifang xuezhe dui xifang minzhu de fansi” [Reflections on western democracy by contemporary western scholars], QsTheory, May 6, 2016, http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/hqwg/2016-05/06/c_1118818159.htm (accessed December 9, 2017).
- 22.
Xiao Jianjun, “Minzhu heyi zhong jiang huimie Yindu” [How democracy will eventually destroy India?], Tianya [Frontiers], No. 3 (2009), pp. 203–204.
- 23.
Lai lixing, “cong Yindu minzhu xuanzhu zhidu kan Zhongguo jingji” [A view of Chinese economy – From India’s democratic electoral system], Xiandai Jingji Xinxi [Modern Economic Information], No. 19 (2009), p. 29.
- 24.
Zheng Ruifeng, “wen ding shi ying dao li” [Stability is also a strong principle], QsTheory, October 9, 2017, http://www.qstheory.cn/defense/2017-10/09/c_1121773482.htm (accessed December 19, 2017).
- 25.
Sun Jin, “Zhongguo fazhan xuyao yingdui de Xifang guannian yingxiang” [China’s development need to cope with the impact of Western ideas], Dang dais hi jie yu shehui zhuyi [Contemporary World & Socialism], No. 6 (2006), p. 89.
- 26.
Tian Pengying, “‘Xifang luan xiang’ de zhidu genyuan” [The Institutional Root cause of Western Chaos], QsTheory, December 1, 2016, http://www.qstheory.cn/zhuanqu/bkjx/2016-12/01/c_1120032431.htm (accessed December 9, 2017).
- 27.
Tian Gaiwei, “Xifang minzhu shuaibai de wuda yuanyin – jinqi guo nei wai meiti dui xifang minzhu de fansi” [Five reasons for the decline of Western democracy: the recent reflection on Western democracy by domestic and foreign media], QsTheory, August 7, 2014, http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/hqwg/2014-08/07/c_1111982588.htm (accessed December 8, 2017).
- 28.
Yu Guohui, “Xifang de “fada” shi baoli lueduo de chanwu” [The “developed” West is the product of violent plunder], Zhongguo shehui kexue bao [China Social Science Daily], October 17, 2014, http://www.cssn.cn/bk/bkpd_qklm/bkpd_bkwz/201410/t20141031_1385136.shtml (accessed December 8, 2017).
- 29.
Xiao Li, “Xifang huayu xianjing yu xifang wangluo ziyou” [Western discourse trap and Western internet freedom], QsTheory, April 30, 2015, http://www.qstheory.cn/zhuanqu/bkjx/2015-04/30/c_1115140179.htm (accessed December 9, 2017).
- 30.
Wang Hua, “shi jie jindaishi beijing xia de zhimin wenhua wenti” [Colonial culture in the context of modern world history], Qinghua daxue xuebao (Zhexue shehui kexue ban) [Journal of Tsinghua University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)], No. 5 (2008), p. 151.
- 31.
Li Shizhou, “diguo zhuyi lieqiang zai hua bao jiao quan de yange” [The evolution of the imperialist powers’ right to protect missions in China], Shandong daxue xuebao (Zhexue shehui kexue ban) [Journal of Shandong University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)], No. 2 (1990), pp. 95–102; Lian Lizhi and Wang Shouzhong, “diguozhuyi liyong jidujiao (xinjiao) dui jindai Shandong de qinlue” [Imperialist invasion of modern Shandong using protestant Christianity], Qilu xue [Qilu Journal], No. 2 (1980), pp. 34–40.
- 32.
Zeng Tianxiong and Fan Daming, “Zhongguo jindai shishang de jidujiao yu diguo zhuyi –yi Zhang Yijing wei kaocha zhongxin” [Christianity and imperialism in modern Chinese history: An analysis of Zhang Yijing’s works], Zhexue Yanjiu [Philosophical Researches], No. 1 (2016), p. 112.
- 33.
Yan kefei and Li xuhu, “cong changli jiaohui jiaoyu tan Meiguo wenhua diguo zhuyi” [Research on American Cultural Imperialism – From the Missionary Education in Changli], Hubei hanshou daxue xuebao [Journal of Hubei Correspondence University], No. 18 (2017), p. 168.
- 34.
“ba Zhong guo “Zhong guo hua” ren wen she hui ke xue de zhuan xing zhi lu” [Make China “Chinese” – Transformative path of the Social Science and Humanities], Zhong hua du shu bao [The Chinese Reading], September 21, 2016, http://epaper.gmw.cn/zhdsb/html/2016-09/21/nw.D110000zhdsb_20160921_1-05.htm (accessed November 2, 2017).
- 35.
Mu sen, “jing ti cheng shi jian she Zhong de ‘qu Zhong guo hua’” [Beware of de-Sinicization in City construction], Guang ming ri bao [Guangming Daily], October 11, 2014, http://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2014-10/11/nw.D110000gmrb_20141011_1-09.htm?div=-1 (accessed November 5, 2017).
- 36.
Fan Yugang, “Zhong guo chuan tong wenhua shi shi xian san ge zi xin de jichu” [Chinese traditional culture is the basis for achieving “three self-confidence”], Guangming wang [Guangming Net], September 26, 2014, http://theory.gmw.cn/2014-09/26/content_13377848.htm (accessed December 2, 2017).
- 37.
Ibid.
- 38.
Han Xing, “she hui zhu yi he xin jia zhi guan zhi gen yu Zhong hua wen hua wo tu” [Socialist core values are rooted in the fertile soil of Chinese culture], Guangming wang [Guanming Net], September 25, 2014, http://theory.gmw.cn/2014-09/25/content_13363026.htm (accessed December 2, 2017).
- 39.
Xu Ping, “you xiu chuan tong wen hua shi Zhong hua minzu weida fuxing de jian qiang ji shi” [Exceptional traditional culture is the strong cornerstone of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation], Guangming wang [Guangming Daily], September 22, 2014, http://theory.gmw.cn/2014-09/22/content_13318562.htm (accessed December 1, 2017).
- 40.
“bu neng fang ren “guo ji ban” qu Zhong guo hua” [The International Curriculum in Schools should not be allowed to de-Sinicize], Ren min wang [ People.com.cn ], February 6, 2013, http://edu.people.com.cn/n/2013/0206/c1053-20445433.html (accessed November 2, 2017).
- 41.
Shang Zhihua, Liu Xiaohua and Lu Jianfeng, “2015 nian guo nei ma ke si zhu yi Zhong guo hua yan jiu shu ping” [A review on the research on the Sinicization of Marxism in China – 2015], Guihai luncong [Guihai Tribune], No. 4 (2016), pp. 18–23.
- 42.
Liu Feng, “du xiu wang shi jiao xia de ma ke si zhu yi Zhong guo hua ji ben wen ti yan jiu shu ping” [A review of the basic issues of Marxism in China from the perspective of Du Xiu Website], Guihai luncong [Guihai Tribune], No. 2 (2012), pp. 33–37.
- 43.
Chen Xianda, “ma ke si zhu yi he Zhong guo chuan tong wen hua” [Marxism and traditional Chinese culture], Guangming Ribao [Guangming Daily], July 3, 2015, http://theory.people.com.cn/n/2015/0703/c40531-27247511.html (accessed November 28, 2017).
- 44.
Zhu Jidong, ““Zhong guo meng” he “Mei guo meng” de cha yi zai na li?” [What’s the difference between the Chinese dream and the American dream?], Dang jian [Party Building], No. 2 (2013), p. 28.
- 45.
Leng Rong, “Shen me shi Zhong guo meng. zen yang li jie Zhong guo meng” [What is Chinese dream and how to understand it], Renmin wang [ People.com.cn ], April 26, 2013, http://theory.people.com.cn/n/2013/0426/c40531-21285625-3.html (accessed December 2, 2017).
- 46.
Peng Kaiping, ““Xingfu Zhongguo” da shuju yanjiu, xinli jishu yu yingyong” [“Happy China” big data research], Xinli jishu yu yingyong [Psychology:Techniques and Applications], No. 8 (2014), p. 4; David Blair, “Applying the science of happiness,” China Daily, December 5, 2017, https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/psyen/2355/2017/20170515131041079566059/20170515131041079566059_.html (accessed January 3, 2018).
- 47.
Heide Baumann, Stories of women at the top: narratives and counter narratives of women’s (non-) representation in executive leadership, Palgrave Communications, Vol. 3, March 7, 2017, https://www.nature.com/articles/palcomms20179 (accessed December 1, 2017).
- 48.
“Xi Jinping zai Zhong Mei sheng zhou zhang lun tan shang de jiang hua, Xi ya tu” [Xi’s remarks at the China-US provincial governor’s forum, Seattle], Xinhua Wang [XinhuaNet], September 24, 2015, http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-09/23/c_1116653149.htm (accessed December 2, 2017).
- 49.
Zhan Dexiong, “Time to break the hegemony of western discourse,” People’s Daily Online, August 05, 2013, http://english.cpc.people.com.cn/206972/207094/8353121.html (accessed October 16, 2017).
- 50.
“Dance-drama “friendship on the silk route” staged in Lanzhou,” Xinhua General News Service, July 26, 1979.
- 51.
“Iranian guests visit Sinkiang,” Xinhua General News Service, September 1, 1977.
- 52.
“Age-old friendship shines with new lustre – Notes on Chairman Hua’s visit to Iran,” Xinhua General News Service, September 2, 1978.
- 53.
“Diplomats attend Chinese ballet,” Xinhua General News Service, October 22, 1979.
- 54.
“Pakistan President and begum Zia-ul-Haq attend Chinese dance-drama,” Xinhua General News Service, May 4, 1980; “Chairman Haidalla attends Chinese dance-drama,” Xinhua General News Service, May 15, 1980; “New Zealand guests attend Chinese dance-drama,” Xinhua General News Service, September 13, 1980; “Thai Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda attends Chinese dance drama,” Xinhua General News Service, October 29, 1980; “Singapore Prime Minister attends Chinese dance drama,” Xinhua General News Service, November 12, 1980; “Romanian prime minister attends Chinese dance drama,” Xinhua General News Service, November 27, 1980; “President Nyerere visits rural people’s commune,” Xinhua General News Service, March 24, 1981; “Swedish prime minister attends theatrical performance,” Xinhua General News Service, April 9, 1981; “Togolese President Eyadema attends soiree in Beijing,” Xinhua General News Service, September 28, 1981.
- 55.
“China builds park in memory of navigator Zheng he,” Xinhua General News Service, October 24, 1979.
- 56.
“Chinese drama troupe presents 15th-century navigator,” Xinhua General News Services, May 20, 1982.
- 57.
“Ancient culture studies in China,” Xinhua General News Service, August 19, 1983.
- 58.
“Xi Jinping pu zhan “yid ai yi lu” hong wei lan tu” [Xi Jinping unveils grand blueprint of One Belt and One Road], Xinhua Wang [Xinhua Net], May 12, 2017, http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2017-05/12/c_129603105.htm (accessed December 3, 2017).
- 59.
Xi Jinping, “zai “yi dai yi lu” guo ji he zuo gao feng lun tan huan ying hui shang de zhu jiu ci” [Welcome speech during the banquet at the “One Belt and One Road” international cooperation summit], Xinhua Wang [Xinhua Net], May 14, 2017, http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2017-05/14/c_1120970718.htm (accessed December 6, 2017).
- 60.
Ibid.
- 61.
He Zhouli, “‘yi dai yi lu’ jian she xia Zhong guo qu yu neng yuan he zuo lu jing tan xi” [An Analysis of China’s regional energy cooperation path under the construction of “one belt one road” initiative], Gaige yu zhanlue [Reformation & Strategy], Vol. 33, No. 12 (2017), p. 98.
- 62.
Wu Juanran, “‘yi dai yi lu’ zhan lue xia Zhong guo dui fei zhou chuan bo ce lue yanjiu” [Study on China’s communication strategy in Africa under One Belt and One Road strategy], Dong nan chuanbo [Southeast Communication], No. 12 (2015), pp. 57–60.
- 63.
Liang Haiming, ““yid ai yi lu” hai wai chuan bo ying bi mian de ji da wu qu” [Should be avoided big mistakes of propagating “one belt one road” overseas], Zhong guo ji zhe [Chinese Journalist], No. 10 (2015), p. 33.
- 64.
Ibid., 34.
- 65.
Yang Ke, ““yid ai yi lu” bei jing xia dui wai chuan bo zheng ce jie xi” [Analysis of foreign communication policy in the context of One Belt and One Road], Zhongguo baoye [China Newspaper Industry], No. 1 (2017), p. 12.
- 66.
Cao ran, ““yi dai yi lu” shi yu xia Zhong guo xing xiang mei ti jian gou ce lue fen xi – yi ba ji si tan zhu liu ying yu bao kan she hua bao dao wei lie” [An analysis of media’s strategy of constructing China’s image in the context of One Belt And One Road – A case study of Pakistan’s mainstream English newspaper’s construction of China’s image], SuZhou keji daxue xuebao [Journal of Suzhou University of Science and Technology], Vol. 35, No. 1 (2018), pp. 103–105.
Bibliography
Ancient culture studies in China. 1983. Xinhua General News Service. August 19.
Ba Zhong guo “Zhong guo hua” ren wen she hui ke xue de zhuan xing zhi lu [Make China “Chinese” – Transformative path of the Social Science and Humanities]. 2016. Zhong hua du shu bao [The Chinese Reading], September 21. http://epaper.gmw.cn/zhdsb/html/2016-09/21/nw.D110000zhdsb_20160921_1-05.htm. Accessed November 2, 2017.
Baumann, Heide. 2017. Stories of women at the top: narratives and counter narratives of women’s (non-) representation in executive leadership. Palgrave Communications, Vol. 3 (March 7). https://www.nature.com/articles/palcomms20179. Accessed December 1, 2017.
Blair, David. 2017. Applying the science of happiness. China Daily, December 5. https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/psyen/2355/2017/20170515131041079566059/20170515131041079566059_.html. Accessed January 3, 2018.
Bu neng fang ren “guo ji ban” qu Zhong guo hua [The International Curriculum in Schools should not be allowed to de-Sinicize]. 2013. Ren min wang [ People.com.cn ]. February 6. http://edu.people.com.cn/n/2013/0206/c1053-20445433.html. Accessed November 2, 2017.
Chairman Haidalla attends Chinese dance-drama. 1980. Xinhua General News Service. May 15.
China builds park in memory of navigator Zheng he. 1979. Xinhua General News Service. October 24.
Chinese drama troupe presents 15th-century navigator. 1982. Xinhua General News Services. May 20.
Dance-drama “friendship on the silk route” staged in Lanzhou. 1979. Xinhua General News Service. July 26.
Daokui, Li. 2018. Jiejian ying mei ri ba zhong guoli lun jiang tou che [Make thorough Chinese theory by Borrowing from the experiences of England, US and Japan]. Beijing Ribao [Beijing Daily]. February 26. http://www.bjd.com.cn/sy/llzk/201802/26/t20180226_11080938.html. Accessed March 8, 2018.
Deng Xiaoping: rang yi bu fen ren xian fu qi lai [Deng Xiaoping: let some people get rich first]. Zhongguo Gongchandang xinwen [News of the Communist Party of China]. http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/34136/2569304.html. Accessed March 8, 2018.
Dexiong, Zhan. 2013. Time to break the hegemony of western discourse. People’s Daily Online. August 05. http://english.cpc.people.com.cn/206972/207094/8353121.html. Accessed October 16, 2017.
Diplomats attend Chinese ballet. 1979. Xinhua General News Service. October 22.
Feng, Liu. 2012. du xiu wang shi jiao xia de ma ke si zhu yi Zhong guo hua ji ben wen ti yan jiu shu ping [A review of the basic issues of Marxism in China from the perspective of Du Xiu Website]. Guihai luncong [Guihai Tribune], No. 2 (March–April): 33–37.
Fengrong, Zuo. 2015. Xifang zhicai xia dee luo si [Russia under Western Sanctions]. Zhongguo gongchan dangxinwen wang [cpcnews.cn]. February 2. http://theory.people.com.cn/n/2015/0202/c40531-26490412.html. Accessed November 6, 2017.
Gaiwei, Tian. 2014. Xifang minzhu shuaibai de wuda yuanyin – jinqi guo nei wai meiti dui xifang minzhu de fansi [Five reasons for the decline of Western democracy: the recent reflection on Western democracy by domestic and foreign media]. QsTheory. August 7. http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/hqwg/2014-08/07/c_1111982588.htm. Accessed December 8, 2017.
Guohui, Yu. 2014. Xifang de “fada” shi baoli lueduo de chanwu [The “developed” West is the product of violent plunder]. Zhongguo shehui kexue bao [China Social Science Daily]. October 17. http://www.cssn.cn/bk/bkpd_qklm/bkpd_bkwz/201410/t20141031_1385136.shtml. Accessed December 8, 2017.
Hailin, Ye. 2011. Libiya “zhan zheng” de jiao xun [Lessons from Libyan war]. Dang Zheng lun tan [Party & Government Forum] 10 (October): 37.
Haiming, Liang. 2015. “yid ai yi lu” hai wai chuan bo ying bimian de ji da wu qu [Should be avoided big mistakes of propagating “one belt one road” overseas]. Zhong guo jizhe [Chinese Journalist] No. 10 (October): 32–34.
Hua, Wang. 2008. Shi jie jindaishi beijing xia de zhimin wenhua wenti [Colonial culture in the context of modern world history]. Qinghua daxue xuebao (Zhexue shehui kexue ban) [Journal of Tsinghua University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)] Vol. 23, 5 (September–October): 151–157.
Huang, Carry. 2013. Paranoia from Soviet Union collapse haunts China’s Communist Party. South China Morning Post. November 18. http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1359350/paranoia-soviet-union-collapse-haunts-chinas-communist-party-22-years. Accessed November 12, 2017.
Iranian guests visit Sinkiang. Xinhua General News Service. September 1, 1977.
Jian, Wen. 2016. Ba wo guoji huayu quanyou xiao chuan bo zhong guoshang yin [To grasp the international discourse power and effectively spread the Chinese voice – An analysis of the Xi Jinping’s ideas and Thinking on the External Propaganda Work]. Xinhua wang [Xinhua net]. April 6. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2016-04/06/c_1118542256.htm. Accessed March 9, 2018.
Jianjun, Xiao. 2009. Minzhu heyi zhong jiang huimie Yindu [How democracy will eventually destroy India?]. Tianya [Frontiers] 3 (May–June): 203–204.
Jidong, Zhu. 2013. “Zhongguo meng” he “Meiguo meng” de cha yi zai na li? [What’s the difference between the Chinese dream and the American dream?]. Dang jian [Party Building] No. 2 (February): 28–30.
Jin, Sun. 2006. Zhongguo fazhan xuyao yingdui de Xifang guannian yingxiang [China’s development need to cope with the impact of Western ideas]. Dang dais hi jie yu shehui zhuyi [Contemporary World & Socialism] 6 (November–December): 87–91.
Juanran, Wu. 2015. “yi dai yi lu” zhan lue xia Zhong guo dui fei zhou chuan bo ce lue yanjiu [Study on China’s communication strategy in Africa under One Belt and One Road strategy]. Dong nan chuanbo [Southeast Communication] No. 12 (December), pp. 57–60.
Kaiping, Peng. 2014. “Xingfu Zhongguo” da shuju yanjiu, xinli jishu yu yingyong [“Happy China” big data research]. Xinli jishu yu yingyong [Psychology:Techniques and Applications] No. 8 (August): 3–4.
Ke, Yang. 2017. “yid ai yi lu” beijing xia dui wai chuan bo zheng ce jie xi” [Analysis of foreign communication policy in the context of One Belt and One Road]. Zhongguo baoye [China Newspaper Industry] No. 1 (January): 12–13.
Kefei, Yan and Li xuhu. 2017. Cong changli jiaohui jiaoyu tan Meiguo wenhua diguo zhuyi [Research on American Cultural Imperialism – from the Missionary Education in Changli]. Hubei hanshou daxue xuebao [Journal of Hubei Correspondence University] Vol. 30, 18 (September):167–168.
Li, Xiao. 2015. Xifang huayu xianjing yu xifang wangluo ziyou [Western discourse trap and Western internet freedom]. QsTheory. April 30. http://www.qstheory.cn/zhuanqu/bkjx/2015-04/30/c_1115140179.htm. Accessed December 9, 2017.
Libiya “sui pian hua”, Xifang nan ci qi jiu [The West is to blame for Libya’s fragmentation]. 2014. Jie fang Junbao [Liberation Army Daily]. October 25. http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2014-10-25/0319807416.html. Accessed December 8, 2017.
lixing, Lai. 2009. Cong Yindu minzhu xuanzhu zhidu kan Zhongguo jingji [A view of Chinese economy – From India’s democratic electoral system] Xiandai Jingji Xinxi [Modern Economic Information] 19 (October): 29.
Lizhi, Lian and Wang Shouzhong. 1980. Diguozhuyi liyong jidujiao (xinjiao) dui jindai Shandong de qinlue [Imperialist invasion of modern Shandong using protestant Christianity]. Qilu xue [Qilu Journal] 2 (March–April): 36–42.
New Zealand guests attend Chinese dance-drama. Xinhua General News Service. September 13, 1980.
Pakistan President and begum Zia-ul-Haq attend Chinese dance-drama. Xinhua General News Service. May 4, 1980.
Pengying, Tian. 2016. Xifang luan xiang de zhidu genyuan [The Institutional Root cause of Western Chaos]. QsTheory. December 1. http://www.qstheory.cn/zhuanqu/bkjx/2016-12/01/c_1120032431.htm. Accessed December 9, 2017.
Ping, Xu. 2014. you xiu chuan tong wen hua shi Zhong hua minzu weida fuxing de jian qiang ji shi [Exceptional traditional culture is the strong cornerstone of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation]. Guangming wang [Guangming Daily]. September 22. http://theory.gmw.cn/2014-09/22/content_13318562.htm. Accessed December 1, 2017.
President Nyerere visits rural people’s commune. Xinhua General News Service. March 24, 1981.
Ran, Cao. 2018. “yi dai yi lu” shi yu xia Zhong guo xing xiang mei ti jian gou ce lue fen xi – yi ba ji si tan zhu liu ying yu bao kan she hua bao dao wei lie [An analysis of media’s strategy of constructing China’s image in the context of One Belt And One Road – A case study of Pakistan’s mainstream English newspaper’s construction of China’s image]. Suzhou keji daxue xuebao [Journal of Suzhou University of Science and Technology], Vol. 35, No. 1 (January–February): 99–106.
Romanian prime minister attends Chinese dance drama. Xinhua General News Service. November 27, 1980.
Rong, Leng. 2013. Shen me shi Zhong guo meng. zen yang li jie Zhong guo meng [What is Chinese dream and how to understand it]. Renmin wang [ People.com.cn ]. April 26. http://theory.people.com.cn/n/2013/0426/c40531-21285625-3.html. Accessed December 2, 2017.
Ruifeng, Zheng. 2017. Wen ding shi ying dao li [Stability is also a strong principle]. QsTheory. October 9. http://www.qstheory.cn/defense/2017-10/09/c_1121773482.htm. Accessed December 19, 2017.
Sen, Mu. 2014. jing ti cheng shi jian she Zhong de “qu Zhong guo hua” [Beware of de-Sinicization in City construction]. Guang ming ri bao [Guangming Daily]. October 11. http://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2014-10/11/nw.D110000gmrb_20141011_1-09.htm?div=-1. Accessed November 5, 2017.
Shenming, Li. 2014. Hua yu quan bang zhu xi fang long duan shi jie [Did the power of discourse helped the West to monopolise the world?]. Qiushi [Qiushi Journal]. December 9. http://www.qstheory.cn/politics/2014-12/09/c_1113573063.htm. Accessed March 9, 2018.
Shepherd, Ken. 2017. UMD grad apologizes for offending her native China in pro-free-speech commencement address. Washington Times. May 24. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/may/24/yang-shuping-univ-of-maryland-graduate-apologizes-/. Accessed March 9, 2018.
Shizhou, Li. 1990. Diguo zhuyi lieqiang zai hua bao jiao quan de yange [The evolution of the imperialist powers’ right to protect missions in China]. Shandong daxue xuebao (Zhexue shehui kexue ban) [Journal of Shandong University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)] 2 (April–June): 95–102.
Shuanghao, She. 2018. Tui dong Xi Jinping xin shi dai zhong guo te se she hui si xiang shen ru ren xin [Promoting Xi jinping’s new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics deep into people’s hearts]. Lilun Zhong guo [China Theory]. March 11. http://www.china.com.cn/opinion/theory/2018-03/11/content_50697824.htm. Accessed March 11, 2018.
Singapore Prime Minister attends Chinese dance drama. 1980. Xinhua General News Service. November 12.
Swedish prime minister attends theatrical performance. 1981. Xinhua General News Service. April 9.
Thai Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda attends Chinese dance drama. 1980. Xinhua General News Service. October 29.
Tianxiong, Zeng and Fan Daming. 2016. Zhongguo jindai shishang de jidujiao yu diguo zhuyi – yi Zhang Yijing wei kaocha zhongxin [Christianity and imperialism in modern Chinese history: An analysis of Zhang Yijing’s works]. Zhexue Yanjiu [Philosophical Researches] 1 (January): 107–112.
Togolese President Eyadema attends soiree in Beijing. 1981. Xinhua General News Service. September 28.
Xi Jinping pu zhan “yid ai yi lu” hong wei lan tu [Xi Jinping unveils grand blueprint of One Belt and One Road], Xinhua Wang [Xinhua Net]. 2017. May 12. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2017-05/12/c_129603105.htm. Accessed December 3, 2017.
Xi Jinping zai Zhong Mei sheng zhou zhang lun tan shang de jiang hua, Xi ya tu [Xi’s remarks at the China-US provincial governor’s forum, Seattle]. 2015. Xinhua Wang [XinhuaNet]. September 24. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-09/23/c_1116653149.htm. Accessed December 2, 2017.
Xi Jinping. 2017. zai “yi dai yi lu” guo ji he zuo gao feng lun tan huan ying hui shang de zhu jiu ci [Welcome speech during the banquet at the “One Belt and One Road” international cooperation summit]. Xinhua Wang [Xinhua Net]. May 14. http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2017-05/14/c_1120970718.htm. Accessed December 6, 2017.
Xianda, Chen. 2015. ma ke si zhu yi he Zhong guo chuan tong wen hua [Marxism and traditional Chinese culture]. Guangming Ribao [Guangming Daily]. July 3. http://theory.people.com.cn/n/2015/0703/c40531-27247511.html. Accessed November 28, 2017.
Xing, Han. 2014. she hui zhu yi he xin jia zhi guan zhi gen yu Zhong hua wen hua wo tu [Socialist core values are rooted in the fertile soil of Chinese culture]. Guangming wang [Guanming Net]. September 25. http://theory.gmw.cn/2014-09/25/content_13363026.htm. Accessed December 2, 2017.
Xu, Dai. 2014a. Zhongguo zui da de weixie [China’s biggest threats]. Hongge hui wang [Red Song Association Net]. April 30. http://www.szhgh.com/Article/opinion/xuezhe/2014-04-29/50680.html. Accessed December 9, 2017.
Xu, Wu. 2014b. RT: E luo si “xin wen xinxi zhan” zhong de xin wang pai [RT: Russia’s new ace in news and information warfare]. Duiwai chuanbo [International Communications] 7 (July): 23–25.
Yanhu, Lin and Feng Yanli. 2016. Dui Sulian Jieti Jiaoxun de zai renshi [Rethinking the lessons from Soviet Union’s Disintegration]. Qiushi [Qiushi]. September 8. http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/hqwg/2016-09/08/c_1119530393.htm. Accessed March 9, 2018.
Yingchun, Jiang. 2016. Dang dai xifang xuezhe dui xifang minzhu de fansi [Reflections on western democracy by contemporary western scholars], QsTheory. May 6. http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/hqwg/2016-05/06/c_1118818159.htm. Accessed December 9, 2017.
Yugang, Fan. 2014. Zhong guo chuan tong wenhua shi shi xian san ge zi xin de jichu [Chinese traditional culture is the basis for achieving “three self-confidence”]. Guangming wang [Guangming Net]. September 26. http://theory.gmw.cn/2014-09/26/content_13377848.htm. Accessed December 2, 2017.
Yun, Zhang and Zhang Fuxin. 2017. cong minzu xinli yu wenhua tiaoshi kan Minguo shiqi jidujiao zai xinjiang de fazhan [The Spread and Development of Christianity in Xinjiang During the Period of the Republic of China from the Perspectives of National Psychology and Cultural Adjustment]. Zhong bei daxue xuebao (shehuikexue ban) [Journal of North University of China (Social Science Edition)] Vol. 33, No. 2 (March–April): 8–12.
Zhang, Shaoying and Derek McGhee. 2017. China’s Ethical Revolution and Regaining Legitimacy Reforming the Communist Party through Its Public Servants. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Zhenfeng, Han. 2017. Xi Jinping xin shi dai zhong guo te se she hui si xiang de nei zai luo ji [The internal logic of Xi jinping’s new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics]. Zhongguo Gongchandang xinwen wang [CPCnews Net]. December 9. http://theory.people.com.cn/n1/2017/1219/c40531-29715166.html. Accessed March 9, 2018.
Zhihua, Shang, Liu Xiaohua and Lu Jianfeng. 2016. 2015 nian guo nei ma ke si zhu yi Zhong guo hua yan jiu shu ping [A review on the research on the Sinicization of Marxism in China – 2015]. Guihai luncong [Guihai Tribune] Vol. 32, No. 4 (July–August):18–23.
Zhouli, He. 2017. yi dai yi lu” jian she xia Zhong guo qu yu neng yuan he zuo lu jing tan xi [An Analysis of China’s regional energy cooperation path under the construction of “one belt one road” initiative]. Gaige yu zhanlue [Reformation & Strategy] Vol. 33, No. 12 (December): 94–96, 111.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Thaliyakkattil, S. (2019). The Road to the Belt and the Road. In: China’s Achilles’ Heel. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8425-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8425-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-8424-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-8425-7
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)