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Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil pp 117–184Cite as

Using Traditional and Simulation Methods for C and N Cycling Studies with Additional Periods of Human Civilisation: Replicating the Procedures at Regional Levels Advocate

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Abstract

Carbon and nitrogen cycling are two essential processes in soil health and ecosystem stability. Many researchers and scholars have supported these processes as immensely vital for continued life on the planet earth. Not just their cycling but carbon and nitrogen sink are needed in the era of greenhouse gases emissions, associated global warming and climate change. The sinking of nitrogen naturally and through the activities of nitrogen fixers is also a panacea to nitrogen mobility, accumulated losses and constant replenishment with costly and environment-damaging inorganic fertilisers. An English experience may give clue to global action plan on enhancing soil carbon and nitrogen sink for various periods of human civilisation. These periods were grouped into prehistoric, historical and agricultural revolution, post-agricultural revolution, Green Planet and Post Green Planet. Besides, several types of land management were compared with reference to effective and efficient carbon sequestration, namely, grassland under permanent pasture on 5-year ley prior to grazing, grassland under permanent pasture sown with red clover prior to grazing, arable land under barley and deciduous woodland. By the aid of modelling, simulated data was generated for over 8500 years of English agriculture and compared with field data. The study showed that all these land management practices sequester little or no carbon but required integrated approaches. Nevertheless, the practices if continued were found to be sustainable, as serious changes that may require other sustainable options were forecasted over subsequent 25–30 years.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of Variance

AR:

Agricultural revolution

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

BD:

Bulk density

CEC:

Cation exchange capacity

CHCl3 :

Chloroform

CMC:

Carboxyl methyl cellulose

COOH:

Carboxylic

CPMAS:

Cross polarisation magic angle spinning

Cult:

Cultivation

Cv:

Coefficient of variation

DMSO:

Dimethylsulphoxide

DOC:

Dissolved organic carbon

DOY:

Day of the year

E(df):

Error degree of freedom

ECL:

Chemiluminescence

EF:

Electrostatic factor

EMBRACE:

Earth Model Bias Reduction and Assessing Abrupt Climate Change

ESR:

Electronic spin resonance

Fa:

Aromaticity fraction

FA:

Fulvic acid

FACE:

Free-air carbon dioxide enrichment

FLSD:

Fisher’s least significant difference

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

FYM:

Farmyard manure

GP:

Green Planet

GPP:

Gross primary productivity

H+ :

Hydrogen ion

HÁ:

Humic acid

HA:

Prehistoric agriculture

HÁg:

Historic agriculture

HS:

Humic substances

K2S2O8 :

Potassium silicate

K2SO4 :

Potassium sulphate

KCl:

Potassium chloride

KD:

Kilo Dalton

MBC:

Microbial carbon

MRT:

Mean residence time

MUB:

Modified universal buffer

MW:

Molecular weight

N2H2 :

Hydrazine

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

OD:

Above Datum

OH− :

Hydroxyl

OM:

Organic matter

PAR:

Post-agricultural revolution

PD:

Particle density

PGP:

Post Green Planet

PHAg:

Prehistoric agriculture

PNP:

р-Nitrophenyl Phosphate

POM:

Particulate organic matter

R2 :

Coefficient of determination

RPM:

Resistant plant material

Rpm:

Revolution per minute

RQ:

Respiratory quotient

RT:

Research time

Se:

Standard error

SIR:

Substrate-induced respiration

SOC:

Soil organic carbon

SOM:

Soil organic matter

SOMNET:

Soil Organic Matter Network

SON:

Soil organic nitrogen

SWC:

Soil water content

WFPS:

Water-filled pore space

WHC:

Water holding capacity

XAD-8:

Polymethylmethacrylate resin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science and Environmental Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

    Paul Ola Igboji

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  1. Paul Ola Igboji
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Correspondence to Paul Ola Igboji .

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  1. Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

    Rahul Datta

  2. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

  3. Department of Agrifood and Environmental Science (DISPAA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Shamina Imran Pathan

  4. DAGRI – Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Maria Teresa Ceccherini

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Igboji, P.O. (2020). Using Traditional and Simulation Methods for C and N Cycling Studies with Additional Periods of Human Civilisation: Replicating the Procedures at Regional Levels Advocate. In: Datta, R., Meena, R., Pathan, S., Ceccherini, M. (eds) Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7264-3_5

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