Skip to main content

Opportunistic Infections

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 496 Accesses

Abstract

At present the pandemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the most severe health challenges globally. Acknowledging the imaging features of characterizing AIDS-related conditions is vital to diagnosis, therapy, or further work-up.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Albarillo F, O’Keefe P. Opportunistic neurologic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2016;16(1):10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bowen LN, Smith B, Reich D, et al. CNS infections: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Neurol. 2016;12(11):662–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Smith AB, Smirniotopoulos JG, Rushing EJ. From the archives of the AFIP: central nervous system infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2008;28(7):2033–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Tan IL, Smith BR, von Geldern G, et al. HIV-associated opportunistic infections of the CNS. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11(7):605–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Sarbu N, Shih RY, Jones RV, et al. White matter diseases with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2016;36(5):1426–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Gottumukkala RV, Romero JM, Riascos RF, et al. Imaging of the brain in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2014;23(5):275–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Renard T, Daumas-Duport B, Auffray-Calvier E, et al. Cytomegalovirus encephalitis: undescribed diffusion-weighted imaging characteristics. Original aspects of cases extracted from a retrospective study, and from literature review. J Neuroradiol. 2016;43(6):371–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Berger JR, Aksamit AJ, Clifford DB, et al. PML diagnostic criteria: consensus statement from the AAN neuroinfectious disease section. Neurology. 2013;80(15):1430–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Loyse A, Moodley A, Rich P, et al. Neurological, visual, and MRI brain scan findings in 87 south African patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. J Infect. 2015;70(6):668–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Tan ZR, Long XY, Li GL, et al. Spectrum of neuroimaging findings in cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompetent patients in China—a series of 18 cases. J Neurol Sci. 2016;368:132–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sarkis RA, Mays M, Isada C, et al. MRI findings in cryptococcal meningitis of the non-HIV population. Neurologist. 2015;19(2):40–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Siddiqui AA, Bashir SH, Ali Shah A, et al. Diagnostic MR imaging features of craniocerebral Aspergillosis of sino-nasal origin in immunocompetent patients. Acta Neurochir. 2006;148(2):155–66; discussion 166.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Guermazi A, Gluckman E, Tabti B, et al. Invasive central nervous system aspergillosis in bone marrow transplantation recipients: an overview. Eur Radiol. 2003;13(2):377–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Patkar D, Narang J, Yanamandala R, et al. Central nervous system tuberculosis: pathophysiology and imaging findings. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2012;22(4):677–705.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Akgoz A, Mukundan S, Lee TC. Imaging of rickettsial, spirochetal, and parasitic infections. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2012;22(4):633–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Post MJ, Thurnher MM, Clifford DB, et al. CNS-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the setting of HIV infection, part 1: overview and discussion of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and cryptococcal-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013;34(7):1297–307.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Post MJ, Thurnher MM, Clifford DB, et al. CNS-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the setting of HIV infection, part 2: discussion of neuro-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with and without other pathogens. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013;34(7):1308–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Guevara-Silva EA, Ramírez-Crescencio MA, Soto-Hernández JL, et al. Central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in AIDS: experience of a Mexican neurological centre. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012;114(7):852–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Shen, G., Wu, Mx., Gao, B. (2019). Opportunistic Infections. In: Gao, B., Li, H., Law, M. (eds) Imaging of CNS Infections and Neuroimmunology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6904-9_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6904-9_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-6903-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-6904-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics