Abstract
Many areas polluted by cadmium (Cd) from mines and smelters exist in Akita Prefecture, and a large number of rice farmers in these areas have been exposed to high levels of Cd through the consumption of home-harvested rice. Rice farmers with Cd nephropathy, particularly elderly women, have been identified through health examinations performed in previous and recent studies. Although recent exposure to Cd among farmers in Cd-polluted areas has been decreasing due to countermeasures, the continuous monitoring of their health status and health care for patients with Cd nephropathy are necessary because of the long biological half-life of Cd. Intensive health examinations for inhabitants of these areas and hospital-based examinations for patients with renal dysfunction are currently being performed in Cd-polluted areas.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Aoshima K. Epidemiology of renal tubular dysfunction in the inhabitants of a cadmium-polluted area in the Jinzu River basin in Toyama prefecture. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1987;152:151–72.
Tsuchiya K. Causation of Ouch-Ouch Disease (Itai-ItaiByõ)--an introductory review. I. Nature of the disease. Keio J Med. 1969;18:181–94.
Kasuya M, Teranishi H, Aoshima K, Katoh T, Horiguchi H, Morikawa Y, Nishijo M, Iwata K. Water pollution by cadmium and the onset of Itai-itai disease. Wat Sci Tech. 1992;25:149–56.
Nogawa K, Ishizaki A, Kawano S. Statistical observations of the dose-response relationships of cadmium based on epidemiological studies in the Kakehashi River basin. Environ Res. 1978;15:185–98.
Iwata K, Saito H, Moriyama M, Nakano A. Renal tubular function after reduction of environmental cadmium exposure: a ten-year follow-up. Arch Environ Health. 1993;48:157–63.
Saito H, Shioji R, Hurukawa Y, Nagai K, Arikawa T. Cadmium-induced proximal tubular dysfunction in a cadmium-polluted area. Contrib Nephrol. 1977;6:1–12.
DucPhuc H, Kido T, Dung Manh H, Thai Anh L, Phuong Oanh NT, Okamoto R, Ichimori A, Nogawa K, Suwazono Y, Nakagawa H. A 28-year observational study of urinary cadmium and β2-microglobulin concentrations in inhabitants in cadmium-polluted areas in Japan. J Appl Toxicol. 2016;36:1622–8.
Liu XJ, Arisawa K, Nakano A, Saito H, Takahashi T, Kosaka A. Significance of cadmium concentrations in blood and hair as an indicator of dose 15 years after the reduction of environmental exposure to cadmium. Toxicol Lett. 2001;123:135–41.
Akita prefecture underground resources development promotion association, Foundation of Akita mining industry association. Akita-ken Kohzanshi (in Japanese), or “Historical records of mines in Akita prefecture”; 2005.
Kamiyama S. Health examinations for inhabitants in cadmium-polluted areas in Akita prefecture (in the years of 1972-1973). In: Kankyo Hoken Report No. 36. Tokyo: Japanese Association of Public Health; 1976. p. 124–5. (in Japanese).
Nordberg GF, Nogawa K, Nordberg M. Cadmium. In: Nordberg GF, Fowler BA, Nordberg M, editors. Handbook on the toxicology of metals. 4th ed. Burlington: Academic Press; 2015. p. 667–716.
Kojima S, Haga Y, Kurihara T, Yamawaki T. A comparison between fecal cadmium and urinary beta2-microglobulin, total protein, and cadmium among Japanese farmers. An epidemiological study of cooperation between Japan and Sweden. Environ Res. 1977;14:436–51.
Haga Y, Kurihara T,Yamawaki T, Kojima S. Research report on environmental health studies of heavy metal pollution: No. 3, In Report of The Akita Pref. Institute of Public Health No. 19, Akita; 1975, p. 69–75 (in Japanese).
Haga Y, Kobayashi T,Miura H, Kato A. Research report on environmental health studies of heavy metal pollution: No. 5, In Report of The Akita Pref. Institute of Public Health No. 21, Akita; 1977, p. 101–109 (in Japanese).
Horiguchi H, Oguma E, Sasaki S, Miyamoto K, Ikeda Y, Machida M, Kayama F. Dietary exposure to cadmium at close to the current provisional tolerable weekly intake does not affect renal function among female Japanese farmers. Environ Res. 2004;95:20–31.
Horiguchi H, Oguma E, Sasaki S, Okubo H, Murakami K, Miyamoto K, Hosoi Y, Murata K, Kayama F. Age-relevant renal effects of cadmium exposure through consumption of home-harvested rice in female Japanese farmers. Environ Int. 2013;56:1–9.
Bernard A. Confusion about cadmium risks: the unrecognized limitations of an extrapolated paradigm. Environ Health Perspect. 2016;124:1–5.
Bernard A. Renal dysfunction induced by cadmium: biomarkers of critical effects. Biometals. 2004;17:519–23.
Arao T, Ishikawa S, Murakami M, Abe K, Maejima Y, Makino T. Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil and countermeasures in Japan. Paddy Water Environ. 2010;8:247–57.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Horiguchi, H. (2019). Cadmium Exposure and Its Effects on the Health Status of Rice Farmers in Akita Prefecture. In: Himeno, S., Aoshima, K. (eds) Cadmium Toxicity. Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3630-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3630-0_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-3629-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-3630-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)