Abstract
The case of Australian wheat marketing policy, across the past 30 years, is a particularly interesting one. Rather than conceptualising deregulation in terms of a simple absence of regulation, I draw on governmentality research and its associated analysis of how governmental technologies of agency and performance have been employed to make society amenable to governing. Sociology of quantification research also offers a useful approach here, as a lens for analysing how Australian farmers and farming have been made calculable, and administerable. This chapter draws together the sociology of quantification research, in conjunction with governmentality literature, to develop a theoretical framework for understanding the neoliberalisation of Australian farming. As I suggest, quantification of social phenomena makes society, including industries such as farming and people such as farmers, amenable to governing. However, technologies of government, such as audit, performance measures, benchmarking and agency, help operationalise the rationalities of markets, firms, and individuals.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ACIL Tasman, (2004), A review of the NCP Grain Market Reforms: NCC occasional series, Prepared by ACIL Tasman, Canberra: Ausinfo.
ADM, (2015a), Form 10-K; Annual report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, [online] http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/7084/000000708414000011/adm-20131231x10k.htm [Accessed December 16 2015]
ADM, (2015b), Archer Daniels Midland Co at Consumer Analyst Group of New York Conference, February 17 2015, [online] http://www.adm.com/EN-US/NEWS/PRESENTATIONS/Pages/default.aspx [Accessed March 1 2016].
ADM, (2015c), 2014 Annual Report, [online] http://www.adm.com/en-US/investors/Documents/2014-ADM-Annual-Report.pdf [Accessed March 1 2016].
ADM, (2015d), ADM urges approval of Trans-Pacific Partnership, [online] http://www.adm.com/news/_layouts/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?ID=691 [Accessed December 21 2015].
ADM, (2014), ADM completes acquisition of remaining stake of Toepfer International, [online] http://www.adm.com/news/_layouts/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?ID=589 [Accessed December 21 2015].
ADM, (2013), Submission to the Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee: The Ownership Arrangements for Grain Handling, [online] http://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=ca1c7a14-741b-4d6c-a4e6-d051dd054d84&subId=5640 [Accessed December 16 2015].
Allen Consulting, (2000a), The Wheat Marketing Act 1989 – The Economic Impact of Competitive Restrictions, Sydney: Allen Consulting Group.
Allen Consulting, (2000b), The Wheat Marketing Act 1989 – The Social Impact of Competitive Restrictions, Sydney: Allen Consulting Group.
The Age, (1993), Look to marketing, processing, says farm leader, May 12 1993.
The Age, (1992), Kennett warns of public sector job cuts, August 20 1992.
The Age, (1986), Wheat blockade threat, February 15 1986.
Alston, M., (2007), Globalisation, rural restructuring and health service delivery in Australia: Policy failure and the role of social work?, Health and Social Care, 15(3), pp. 195–202.
Alston, M., (2004), Who is Down on the Farm? Social aspects of Australian agriculture in the 21st century, Agriculture and Human Values, 21, pp. 37–46.
Anderson, A., (2010), The constitution of youth: Toward a genealogy of the discourse and government of youth, PhD Thesis, RMIT University.
Argent, N., (2005), The neoliberal seduction: Governing-at-a-distance, community development and the battle over financial services provision in Australia, Geographical Research, 43(1), pp. 29–39.
Atkinson, R., (1999), Discourses of partnership and empowerment in contemporary British urban regeneration, Urban Studies, 36(1), pp. 59–72.
The Australian, (1997), Farm figures point to broader issues, February 6 1997, State Library of Victoria Microfilm Collection.
The Australian, (1994), Seeds of farm relief must be carefully sown, September 21 1994, State Library of Victoria Microfilm Collection.
The Australian, (1989), Ultimatum from wheat growers, January 20 1989.
The Australian, (1984), Editorial: Bringing together the two Australias, August 28th 1984.
Australian National Audit Office, (1989), Report on the audit of the Australian Wheat Board, 1988–1989, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Australian National Audit Office, (1990), Report on the audit of the Australian Wheat Board, 1989–1990, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Australian National Audit Office, (1991), Report on the audit of the Australian Wheat Board, 1990–1991, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Australian National Audit Office, (1992), Report on the audit of the Australian Wheat Board, 1991–1992, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Australian National Audit Office, (1993), Report on the audit of the Australian Wheat Board, 1992–1993, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Australian National Audit Office, (1994), Report on the audit of the Australian Wheat Board, 1993–1994, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Australian Wheat Board, (1987), Response to Industries Assistance Commission draft report of the wheat industry, Melbourne: Australian Wheat Board.
Brasier, K., (2002), Ideology and discourse: Characterisations of the 1996 Farm Bill by agricultural interest groups, Agriculture and Human Values, 19, pp. 239–253.
Bunge Limited, (2015a), Form 10-K; Annual report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, [online] http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=130024&p=irol-sec [Accessed March 7 2016].
Bunge Limited, (2015b), Unlocking Value: 2014 Annual Report, [online] http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=130024&p=irol-reportsannual [Accessed March 7 2016].
Bunge Limited, (2014a), Investor Day: Agribusiness and risk management overview, October 12 2014, [online] http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=130024&p=irol-presentations [Accessed March 7 2016].
Bunge Limited, (2014b), Form 10-K; Annual report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, [online] http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1144519/000104746914001600/a2218521z10-k.htm [Accessed December 16 2015].
Burdon, A., (1993), Commonwealth Government Assistance for Adjustment in Agriculture, Background Paper Number 14, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra: Department of the Parliamentary Library.
Bureau of Agricultural Economics, (1987), Wheat marketing and assistance, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Business Council of Australia, (2014), Building Australia’s comparative advantages, [online] file://ntapprdfs01n01.rmit.internal/el4/E68334/Building_Australias_Comparative_Advantages_FINAL_28.7.2014.pdf [Accessed October 5 2016].
Business Review Weekly, (1992), Farmers find a grain of comfort, October 2nd 1992.
Canberra Times, (1992a), Farmers may hold key to power, September 28 1992.
Canberra Times, (1992b), ‘Prove export monopoly superior to free market’, Wheat Board dared, September 30 1992.
Centre for International Economics, (2005), Principles for national reform: Learning lessons from NCP, Report prepared for the National Competition Council as part of the NCC Occasional Series, Canberra.
Cheshire, L., and Lawrence, G., (2005), Neoliberalism, Individualisation and Community: Regional Restructuring in Australia, Social Identities, 11(5), pp. 435–445.
Callon, M., and Muniesa, F., (2005), Economic markets as calculative collective devices, Organisation Studies, 26(8), pp. 1229–1250.
Commonwealth of Australia, (2016), Smart farming: Inquiry into agricultural innovation, report of the Standing Committee on Agriculture and Industry, [online] http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House/Agriculture_and_Industry/Agricultural_innovation/Report [Accessed December 20 2016].
Commonwealth of Australia, (2015), Agricultural Competitiveness White Paper: Stronger farmers, stronger communities, [online] http://agwhitepaper.agriculture.gov.au/ [Accessed June 6 2016].
Commonwealth of Australia, (2013), National Food Plan, Our food future, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, [online] http://www.agriculture.gov.au/style%20library/images/daff/__data/assets/pdffile/0011/2293328/national-food-plan-white-paper.pdf [Accessed November 15 2016].
Commonwealth of Australia, (2012), Parliamentary debates. House of Representatives: official Hansard, Wednesday 31 October.
Commonwealth of Australia, (2008a), Parliamentary debates. House of Representatives: official Hansard, Thursday 13 March.
Commonwealth of Australia, (2008b), Parliamentary debates. Senate: official Hansard, Monday 16 June.
Commonwealth of Australia, (2004), Review of the Agriculture – Advancing Australia package 2000–04, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, [online] http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/41564/20040428-0000/www.affa.gov.au/corporate_docs/publications/pdf/industry_dev/aaa/aaareviewsummaryFeb2004.pdf, [Accessed November 15 2016].
Commonwealth of Australia, (1992), Rural Adjustment Act 1992, No.240 of 1992.
Commonwealth of Australia, (1988a), States Grants (Rural Adjustment) Act 1988, No. 112 of 1988.
Commonwealth of Australia, (1988b), Australian wheat industry: Marketing in the future, Canberra: Department of Primary Industries and Energy.
Commonwealth of Australia, (1986), Economic and rural policy: A government policy statement, Canberra: Government Printer.
Connell, R., (2013), The neoliberal cascade and education: An essay on the market agenda and its consequences, Critical Studies in Education, 54(2), pp. 99–112.
Conway, P., (2013), Food security: The challenge ahead, Speech presented at the MIT Food Symposium – Cambridge, Massachusetts, November 5 2013, [online] http://www.cargill.com/news/speeches-presentations/food-security-the-challenge-ahead/index.jsp [December 16 2015].
Conway, P., (2012), One billion farmers can’t be wrong: Why prices and markets matter, February 8 2012, [online] http://www.cargill.com/news/speeches-presentations/one-billion-farmers-prices-markets-matter/index.jsp [Accessed March 29 2016].
Cooper, R., and Ellem, B., (2008), The neoliberal state, trade unions and collective bargaining in Australia, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 46(3), pp. 532–554.
The Courier Mail, (1989), Grains Council division threatening new act, December 20th 1989.
Daily Commercial News, (1992a), Politics and the bane of NRC and rail reform, September 28th 1992.
Daily Commercial News, (1992b), AGEA challenges AWB over single desk selling, October 2nd 1992.
Daily Commercial News, (1992c), AWB clash on wheat subsidies, September 10 1992.
Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, (2014), Industry innovation and competitiveness agenda: An action plan for a stronger Australia, [online] https://www.dpmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/publications/industry_innovation_competitiveness_agenda.pdf [Accessed October 5 2016].
Department of Social Services, (2017), Welfare Reform: 2017 Budget, [online] https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/05_2017/budget_2017_-_welfare_reform_-_fact_sheet_for_web_0.pdf [Accessed May 30 2017].
Department of Social Services, (2015), A new system for better employment and social outcomes, Report of the Reference Group on Welfare Reform to the Minister for Social Services, [online] https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/02_2015/dss001_14_final_report_access_2.pdf [Accessed May 30 2017].
Dean, M., (1999), Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society, London: Sage Publications.
Dean, M., (1998), Risk, calculable and incalculable, Soziale Welt, 49, pp. 25–42.
Desrosieres, A., (2014), Statistics and social critique, Partecipazione e Conflitto, 7(2), pp. 348–359.
Desrosieres, A., (2011), The economics of convention and statistics: The paradox of origins, Historical Social Research, 36(4), pp. 64–81.
Diaz-Bone, R., (2016), Convention theory, classification and quantification, Historical Social Research, 41(2), pp. 48–71.
Diaz-Bone, R., and Didier, E., (2016), The sociology of quantification – Perspectives on an emerging field in the social sciences, Historical Social Research, 41(2), 7–26.
Dibden, J., Potter, C., and Cocklin, C., (2009), Contesting the neoliberal project for agriculture: Productivist and multifunctional trajectories in the European Union and Australia, Journal of Rural Studies, 25(3), pp. 299–308.
Dixon, D., and Hapke, H., (2003), Cultivating discourse: The social construction of agricultural legislation, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 93(1), pp. 142–164.
The Donald-Birchip Times, (1992), Grains Comment, July 10 1992, Public Record Office of Victoria, VA 1057.
Dufty-Jones, R., (2015), Governmentalities of mobility: The role of housing in the governance of Australian rural mobilities, Journal of Rural Studies, 42, pp. 63–78.
Emery, S., (2015), Independence and individualism: Conflated values in farmer cooperation?, Agriculture and Human Values, 32, pp. 47–61.
Espeland, W., and Stevens, M., (2008), A sociology of quantification, European Journal of Sociology, 49(3), pp. 401–436.
Espeland, W., and Stevens, M., (1998), Commensuration as a social process, Annual Review of Sociology, 24, pp. 313–343.
Essential Services Commission, (2006), Grain access review, Issues paper, [online] http://www.esc.vic.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/archives/23015/1772_ESC_GrainIssuesPaper20060107.pdf [Accessed October 26 2016].
Feindt, P., and Oels, A., (2005), Does discourse matter? Discourse analysis in environmental policy making, Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 7(3), pp. 161–173.
Financial Review, (1992a), The best in the bush, August 28 1992.
Financial Review, (1992b), Ideas Factor: Rural Revolution, August 21st 1992.
Financial Review, (1986), An open letter to wheatgrowers, March 27 1986.
Financial Review, (1984), Wheatgrowers demand abolition of government fees to end ‘crisis’, September 12 1984.
Fraser, C., Smith, K., Judd, F., Humphreys, J., Fragar, L., and Henderson, A., (2005), Farming and Mental Health Problems and Mental Illness, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 51, pp. 340–349.
Friedberg, S., (2013), Calculating sustainability in supply chain capitalism, Economy and Society, 42(4), pp. 571–596.
Gibson, C., Dufty, R., Phillips, S., and Smith, H., (2008), Counter-geographies: The campaign against rationalisation of agricultural research stations in New South Wales, Australia, Journal of Rural Studies, 24, pp. 351–366.
Gray, I., and Lawrence, G., (1996), Predictors of stress among Australian farmers, Australian Journal of Social Issues, 31(2), pp. 173–189.
Gray, I., and Lawrence, G., (2001), A future for regional Australia: Escaping global misfortune, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
GrainCorp, (2012), Media release: Proposal from Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) materially undervalues GrainCorp, November 15 2012, [online] http://www.graincorp.com.au/_literature_113768/GrainCorp_response_to_ADM_conditional_proposal [Accessed June 5 2017].
Guizzo, D., and de Lima, I., (2015), Foucault’s contributions for understanding power relations in British classical political economy, EconomiA, 16(2), pp. 194–205.
Hall, S., (1997), The work of representation, in Hall, S., (Ed.), Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices, pp. 133–174, Sage, London.
Harper, I., (2015), Speech to CEDA, [online] http://competitionpolicyreview.gov.au/2015/04/14/speech20150414/ [Accessed July 14 2015].
Harper, I., Anderson, P., McCluskey, S., and O’Bryan, M., (2015), Competition Policy Review: Final report, [online] http://competitionpolicyreview.gov.au/final-report/ [Accessed July 30 2015].
Hawke, B., (1986), A message from the Prime Minister, The Mail-Times, February 28 1986.
Hayter, D, and Hegarty, P., (2015), A genealogy of postmodern subjects: Discourse analysis and late capitalism, Theory and Psychology, 25(3), pp. 369–387.
Herbert-Cheshire, L., and Higgins, V., (2004), From risky to responsible: expert knowledge and the governing of community-led rural development, Journal of Rural Studies, 20, pp. 289–302.
Herbert-Cheshire, L., (2000), Contemporary strategies for rural community development in Australia: a governmentality perspective, Rural Society, 16, pp. 201–215.
Higgins, V., (2002), Constructing reform: Economic expertise and the governing of agricultural change in Australia, New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Higgins, V., Dibden, J., and Cocklin, C., (2015), Private agri-food governance and greenhouse gas abatement: Constructing a corporate carbon economy, Geoforum, 66, pp. 75–84.
Higgins, V., (2005), Governing agriculture through the managerial capacities of farmers, in: Higgins, V., and Lawrence, G., (eds), Agricultural Governance: Globalisation and the new politics of regulation, pp. 118–132, London: Routledge.
Higgins, V., (2002a), Constructing reform: Economic expertise and the governing of agricultural change in Australia, New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Higgins, V., (2002b), Self-reliant citizens and targeted populations: The case of Australian agriculture in the 1990s, Arena Journal, 19, pp. 161–177.
Higgins, V., (2001a), Assembling restructuring: governmentality, economic regulation and the historical emergence of the ‘enterprising farmer’ in Australian agricultural policy, Review of International Political Economy, 8(2), pp. 311–328.
Higgins, V., (2001b), Governing the boundaries of viability: Economic expertise and the production of the ‘low income farm problem’ in Australia, Sociologia Ruralis, 41(3), pp. 358–375.
Higgins, V., and Lockie, S., (2002), Re-discovering the social: neo-liberalism and hybrid practices of governing in rural natural resource management, Journal of Rural Studies, 18, pp. 419–428.
Hilmer, F., (2013), National Competition Policy: Coming of age, Annual Baxt Lecture in Competition Law, presented September 19, 2013, [online] https://www.law.unimelb.edu.au/files/dmfile/130919-Sp-AnnualBaxtLectureInCompetitionLaw-FGH12Sept20132.pdf [Accessed July 30 2015].
Hilmer, F, Rayner, M., and Taperell, G., (1993), National Competition Policy Review, [online] http://ncp.ncc.gov.au/docs/National%20Competition%20Policy%20Review%20report,%20The%20Hilmer%20Report,%20August%201993.pdf [Accessed July 30 2015].
Howard, J., (1997), Agriculture – Advancing Australia, Media Release, September 15 1997.
Howard, J., (1996), The Liberal Tradition: The beliefs and values which guide the Federal Government, 1996 Sir Robert Menzies Lecture – presented November 18, 1996, [online] http://pmtranscripts.dpmc.gov.au/browse.php?did=10171 [Accessed July 30 2015].
Howard, J., (1995a), Fair Australia: John Howard Headland Speech, presented to the Australian Council of Social Service, October 13, 1995, [online] http://australianpolitics.com/1995/10/13/fair-australia-howard-headland-speech.html [Accessed July 30 2015].
Howard, J., (1995b), The role of government, Speech presented at The Menzies Research Centre, June 6 1995, [online] http://australianpolitics.com/1995/06/06/john-howard-headland-speech-role-of-govt.html [Accessed August 29 2016].
Howarth, D., (2010), Power, discourse and policy: Articulating a hegemony approach to critical discourse studies, Critical Policy Studies, 2(3–4), pp. 309–335.
Industry Assistance Commission, (1989), Measuring the costs of government regulations: An initial exploration of the economy-wide effects, Canberra: Industries Assistance Commission.
Industry Assistance Commission, (1988), The Wheat Industry, Report No. 411, AGPS, Canberra.
Industry Assistance Commission, (1983), The Wheat Industry, Report No. 329, AGPS, Canberra.
Industry Commission, (1996), Industry Commission submission to the mid-term review of the Rural Adjustment Scheme, [online] http://www.pc.gov.au/research/supporting/rural-adjustment-scheme/rural-adjustment-scheme.pdf [Accessed September 5 2016].
Industry Commission, (1991), Statutory marketing arrangements for primary products, Report No. 10, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Industries Assistance Act 1973 (Commonwealth)
Irving, M., Arney, J., and Linder, B., (2000), National Competition Policy review of the Wheat Marketing Act 1989, Canberra: National Competition Policy – Wheat Marketing Act Review Committee.
ITS Global, (2006), Sustaining Australia’s Wheat Export Markets, [online] https://www.awb.com.au/NR/rdonlyres/F41B17F4-B8D3-4467-9E02-AADEC063FDD9/0/ITS_Global_AWB_Report.pdf [Accessed October 26 2016].
Jacobs, K., (2006), Discourse analysis and its utility for urban policy research, Urban Policy and Research, 24(1), pp. 39–52.
Jobs for New South Wales, (2016), Jobs for the future: Adding 1 million rewarding jobs for NSW by 2036, [online] http://www.jobsfornsw.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/90740/Jobs-for-the-future-full-report-August-2016.pdf [Accessed May 30 2017].
Joint Industry Submission Group, (2000), Australian wheat: It’s time for choice, Submission to the Independent Review Committee reviewing the Wheat Marketing Act 1989 under National Competition Policy, Red Hill: Joint Industry Submission Group.
Jones, E., (2012), The market mechanism in reality and myth: Corporate business overlordship of small business, Journal of Political Economy, 68, pp. 62–85.
Keating, P., (1994), Working nation: policies and programs, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Keating, P., (1992), One nation: Statement by the Prime Minister, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Kerin, R., (1986), Poor prospects ahead, The Mail-Times, February 28 1986.
Knopke, P., O’Donnell, V. and Shepherd, A., (2000), Productivity growth in the Australian grains industry, ABARE Research Report 2000.1, Canberra.
Kuchler, M., and Linner, B., (2012), Challenging the food vs. fuel dilemma: Genealogical analysis of the biofuel discourse pursued by international organisations, Food Policy, 37(5): 581–588.
Kuehne, G., (2012), My Decision to Sell the Family Farm, Agriculture and Human Values 30(2), pp. 1–11.
Kurunmäki, L., and Miller, P., (2006), Modernising government: The calculating self, hybridisation and performance measurement, Financial Accountability & Management, 22(1), pp. 87–106.
Laclau, E., and Mouffe, C., (1985), Hegemony and socialist strategy, London: Verso.
Lees, L., (2004), Urban geography: Discourse analysis and urban research, Progress in Human Geography, 28(1), pp. 101–107.
Liepins, R., (1996), Reading agricultural power: Media as sites and processes in the construction of meaning, New Zealand Geographer, 52(2), pp. 3–10.
The Land, (1992), Government shifts stance to ‘good farmers’, August 27, 1992.
The Land, (1989), Wheat has to ‘get organised or get out’, January 19 1989.
The Land, (1988), Growers say leave AWB as sole exporter, June 30 1988.
The Land, (1986a), Government wants farmers to survive and prosper: Hawke, March 13 1986.
The Land, (1986b), Beware of violence, Editorial, March 13th 1986.
Larner, W., (2006), Neoliberalism: Policy, ideology and governmentality, in de Goede, M. (ed.), International political economy and poststructural politics, pp. 199–218, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.
Larner, W., (2000), Post-welfarist state governance: Towards a code of social and family responsibility, Social Politics 7(2): 244–265.
Leander, A., and Munster, R., (2007), Private security contractors in the debate about Darfur: Reflecting and reinforcing neoliberal governmentality, International Relations, 21(2), pp. 201–216.
Le Gales, P., (2016), Performance measurement as a policy instrument, Policy Studies, 37(6), pp. 508–520.
Liepins R, and Bradshaw, B., (1999), Neo-liberal agricultural discourse in New Zealand: Economy, culture and politics linked, Sociologia Ruralis 39(4), pp. 563–582.
Lockie, S., (2009), Responsibility and agency within alternative food networks: Assembling the “citizen consumer”, Agriculture and Human Values, 26, pp. 193–201.
Lockie S, and Higgins, V., (2007), Roll-out neoliberalism and hybrid practices of regulation in Australian agri-environmental governance, Journal of Rural Studies, 23(1), pp. 1–11.
Louis Dreyfus, (2016), What we do, [online] http://www.ldcom.com/global/en/about-us/what-we-do/ [Accessed March 8 2016].
Louis Dreyfus, (2012), 2011 Annual Report, [online] http://www.ldcommodities.com.br/Sobre_LDC/documentos/20120423_Annual%20Report_English%20Version.pdf [Accessed March 15 2016].
MacLennan, D., (2015), Sustainability is the new normal, April 21 2015, [online] http://www.cargill.com/news/sustainability-is-the-new-normal/index.jsp [Accessed March 29 2016].
MacLennan, D., (2014), Hope for our planet: How a resilient global food system can feed a growing world, Rabobank Duisenberg Lecture, Presented on October 11, 2014, [online] http://www.cargill.com/news/speeches-presentations/hope-for-our-planet/index.jsp [Accessed December 16 2015].
Malcolm, B., Davidson, B., and Vandenberg, E., (2000), The Rural Adjustment Scheme: It’s role, operation and effectiveness, A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, RIRDC Publication no. 99/19, Canberra; RIRDC.
McKee, K., (2009), Regulating Scotland’s social landlords: Localised resistance to technologies of performance management, Housing Studies, 24(2), pp. 155–171.
McKee, K., (2008), Transforming Scotland’s public-sector housing through community ownership: The reterritorialisation of housing governance, Space and Polity, 12(2), pp. 183–196.
McKinsey Australia, (2014), Compete to prosper: Improving Australia’s global competitiveness, [online] http://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey%20offices/australia/pdfs/compete_to_prosper.ashx. [Accessed August 10 2016].
McManus, P., Walmsley, J., Argent, N., Baum, S., Bourke, L., Martin, J., Pritchard, B., and Sorenson, T., (2012), Rural community and rural resilience: What is important to farmers in keeping their country towns alive?, Journal of Rural Studies, 28, pp. 20–29.
McMichael, P., (2009), A food regime genealogy, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 36(1), pp. 136–169.
Miller, P., and Rose, N., (2008), Governing the present: Administering economic, social and personal life, Cambridge: Polity.
Miller, P., and Rose, N., (1990), Governing economic life, Economy and Society, 19(1), pp. 1–31.
Mitchell, T., (2008), Rethinking economy, Geoforum, 39, pp. 1116–1121.
Muniesa, F., Millo, Y., and Callon, M., (2007) An introduction to market devices, The Sociological Review, 55(2), pp. 1–12.
Murdoch, R., (2013), Free market is a fair market: Murdoch, Speech presented to the Institute of Public Affairs, April 4th 2013, The Australian, [online] http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/media/push-to-regulate-pressill-conceivedmurdoch/news-story/70177400a9b3aaf859a45bd96049873d [Accessed October 31 2017].
National Commission of Audit, (2014), Towards responsible government: The report of the National Commission of Audit, Phase One, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, [online] http://www.ncoa.gov.au/REPORT/docs/phase_one_report.pdf [Accessed October 5 2016].
National Competition Council, (2009), Submission to Productivity Commission Inquiry into Wheat Export Marketing Arrangements, [online] http://ncc.gov.au/images/uploads/SubPCWEM-001.pdf [Accessed October 26 2016].
National Competition Council, (2004), NCC Occasional Series: A review of the NCP grain market reforms, AusInfo, Canberra.
National Farmer, (1988), National Farmer survey, July 1 1988, Public Records Office Victoria, Melbourne.
National Farmers Federation, (2013), Red tape in Australian agriculture: NFF Issues Paper, [online] file://ntapprdfs01n01.rmit.internal/el4/E68334/NFF%20Issues%20Paper%20-%20Red%20Tape%20in%20Australian%20Agriculture%20Sept2013.pdf [Accessed December 20 2016].
National Farmers Federation, (1993), New Horizons: A strategy for Australia’s agrifood industries, Canberra: National Farmers’ Federation.
Nevile, J., (1971), The government, the economy and productivity, in Nevile, J., Le Couteur, G., and Bell, H., (eds), Productivity, Sydney: Committee for Economic Development of Australia.
Nossal, K., and Gooday, P., (2009), Raising productivity growth in Australian agriculture, ABARE project 3425, Canberra: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
Nossal, K., Zhao, S., Sheng, Y., and Gunasekera, D., (2009), Productivity movements in Australian agriculture, Australian Commodities, 16(1), pp. 206–216.
NSW Farmers, (2014), Submission to Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee inquiry into Australian grain networks, [online] http://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=990367d0-7c89-4d83-9930-54eb96412e6e&subId=299362 [Accessed April 30 2015].
Oels, A., (2005), Rendering climate change governable: From biopower to advanced liberal government?, Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 7(3), pp. 185–207.
O’Keeffe, P., (2017a), Creating resilience or private sector dependence? Shifting constructions of the farmer in Australian policy discourses, Space and Polity, 21(3), pp. 318–334.
O’Keeffe, P., (2017b), Maximising efficiency, marginalising equity: A genealogy of Australian wheat export market deregulation and ‘the good farmer’, Australian Geographer, https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2017.1353585
O’Malley, P., Weir, L., and Shearing, C., (1997), Governmentality, criticism, politics, Economy and Society, 26(4), pp. 501–517.
Page, G., (2015), Climate change and the future of food production, October 12 2015, [online] http://www.cargill.com/news/speeches-presentations/climate-change-and-the-future-of-food-production/index.jsp [Accessed March 29 2016].
Page, G., (2014), The price of responsibility, Presented at the FT Commodities Summit, Switzerland, [online] http://www.cargill.com/news/speeches-presentations/the-price-of-responsibility/index.jsp [Accessed December 16 2015].
Peck, J., and Tickell, A., (2002), Neoliberalising space, Antipode, June 2002, pp. 380–404.
Penny, J., (2016) Between coercion and consent: the politics of “Cooperative Governance” at a time of “Austerity Localism” in London, Urban Geography, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2016.1235932.
Potter, C., and Tilzey, M., (2005), Agricultural policy discourses in the European post-Fordist transition: Neoliberalism, neomercantilism and multifunctionality, Progress in Human Geography, 29(5), pp. 581–600.
Power, M., (2000), The audit society – second thoughts, International Journal of Auditing, 4, pp. 111–119.
Power, M., (1997), The audit society: Rituals of verification, New York: Oxford University Press.
Power, M., (1996), Making things auditable, Accounting, Organisations and Society, 21(2/3), pp. 289–315.
Pritchard, B., (2005), Unpacking the neoliberal approach to regional policy: A close reading of John Freebairn’s ‘Economic policy for rural and regional Australia’, Geographical Research, 43(1), pp. 103–112.
Pritchard, B., (2005a), Implementing and maintaining neoliberal agriculture in Australia, International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 13(2), pp. 1–14.
Pritchard, B., (2005b), Unpacking the neoliberal approach to regional policy: A close reading of John Freebairn’s ‘Economic policy for rural and regional Australia’, Geographical Research, 43(1), pp. 103–112.
Porter, T., (1995), Trust in numbers: The pursuit of objectivity in science and public life, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Productivity Commission, (2017), Regulation of Australian agriculture, Productivity Commission Inquiry Report, No. 79, [online] https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/agriculture/report/agriculture.pdf [Accessed November 6 2017].
Productivity Commission, (2016), Digital disruption: What do governments need to do?, Commission Research Paper, Canberra.
Productivity Commission, (2013), Productivity update, May 2013, [online] file://ntapprdfs01n01.rmit.internal/el4/E68334/2013-pc-productivity-update.pdf [Accessed May 30 2013].
Productivity Commission, (2010), Wheat export marketing arrangements: Report no. 51, AGPS, Canberra.
Productivity Commission, (2005a), Review of National Competition Policy reforms: Productivity Commission Inquiry Report, No. 33, 28 February 2005, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
Productivity Commission, (2005b), Trends in Australian agriculture, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
Productivity Commission, (2001), Structural Adjustment – Key policy issues, Commission Research Paper, AusInfo, Canberra.
Productivity Commission, (2000a), Single-desk marketing: Assessing the economic arguments, [online] http://www.pc.gov.au/research/supporting/single-desk [Accessed December 20 2016].
Productivity Commission, (2000b), Productivity Commission submission to National Competition Policy review of the Wheat Marketing Act 1989, Melbourne: Productivity Commission.
Rochford, F., (2008), Sustainable rural water delivery: balancing resource and social sustainability, The Australasian Journal of National Resources Law and Policy, 12(1), pp. 59–85.
Rose, N., (1996), The death of the social? Re-figuring the territory of government, Economy and Society, 25(3): 327–356.
Rose, N., (1993), Government, authority and expertise in advanced liberalism, Economy and Society, 22(3), pp. 283–299.
Rose, N., (1991), Governing by numbers: Figuring out democracy, Accounting Organisations and Society, 16(7), pp. 673–692.
Rose, N., (1999), Powers of freedom: Reframing political thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rose, N., O’Malley, P., and Valverde, M., (2006), Governmentality, Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 2, pp. 83–104.
Royal Commission into Grain Storage, Handling and Transport, (1988), Royal Commission into Grain Storage, Handling and Transport, Canberra: AGPS.
Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, (2011), Agricultural productivity: Concepts, measurement and factors driving it: A perspective from the ABARES productivity analyses, RIRDC publication No. 10/161, Canberra: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation.
Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, (2007), Drivers of structural change in Australian agriculture, RIRDC Publication No 07/057, Canberra: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation.
Russell, S., and Frame, B., (2013), Technologies for sustainability: a governmentality perspective, International Journal of Sustainable Development, 16(1/2), pp. 91–106.
Russell, S., and Thomson, I., (2009), Analysing the role of sustainable development indicators in accounting for and constructing a Sustainable Scotland, Accounting Forum, 33, pp. 225–244.
Scott, J., (1998), Seeing like a State: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed, New Haven: Yale University Press.
Sartore, G., Kelly, B., Stain, H., Albrecht, G., and Higginbotham, N., (2008), Control, uncertainty, and expectations of the future: a qualitative study of the impact of drought on a rural Australian community, Rural and Remote Health, 8, p. 950.
Sharp, L., and Richardson, T., (2001), Reflections on Foucauldian discourse analysis in planning and environmental policy research, Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 3, pp. 193–209.
Sims, R., (2015), Competition key to restoring Australia’s productivity, Speech delivered at the Infrastructure Partnerships Australia Conference, Sydney, September 4 2015 [online] https://www.accc.gov.au/speech/competition-key-to-restoring-australia%E2%80%99sproductivity [Accessed August 10 2016].
Smailes, P., (2000), The diverging geographies of social and business interaction patterns: a case study of rural South Australia, Geographical Research, 38 (2), pp. 158–181.
Smith, R., (1996), Competition policy – implications of the Hilmer Report for the dairy industry, Speech presented at the AIDC Annual General Meeting, December 4 1996, [online] https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/Competition%20policy.doc [Accessed September 24 2015].
Stenson, K., and Watt, P., (1999), Governmentality and ‘the death of the social’?: A discourse analysis of local government texts in South-East England, Urban Studies, 36(1), pp. 189–201.
Stock Journal (1992) Editorial, August 20th 1992.
Stratford, E., (2006), Technologies of agency and performance: Tasmania Together and the constitution of harmonious island identity, Geoforum, 37, pp. 273–286.
Sum, N., (2009), The production of hegemonic policy discourses: ‘competitiveness’ as a knowledge brand and its (re-)contextualisations, Critical Policy Studies, 3(2): 184–203.
Sum, N., and Jessop, B., (2013), Competitiveness, the knowledge-based economy and higher education, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 4, pp. 24–44.
The Sun-Herald, (1992), Country view: From the NSW Farmers Federation, July 12 1992.
Swyngedouw, E., (2005), Governance innovation and the Citizen: The Janus Face of governance-beyond-the-State, Urban Studies, 42(11), pp. 1991–2005.
Sydney Morning Herald, (1996a), High farm debt puts 100,000 in jeopardy, July 4 1996.
Sydney Morning Herald, (1996b), Farmers to blame, says scientist, July 4 1996.
Sydney Morning Herald, (1992), Little joy for farmers, August 19 1992.
Telegraph-Mirror, (1993), Farm gripe fires Keating ire, March 10 1993, VA 1057, Grain Elevators Board, VPRS 9698, P1, unit 00015, Historical Information and Reference Collection.
Tonts, M., and Haslam-McKenzie, F., (2005), Neoliberalism and changing regional policy in Australia, International Planning Studies, 10(3), pp. 183–200.
Turnbull, M., (2015), Transcript: Interview with Neil Mitchell on 3AW, October 6 2015, [online] https://www.pm.gov.au/media/2015-10-06/interview-neil-mitchell-3aw [Accessed August 29 2016].
Van Herzele, A., (2015), A genealogy of urban forest discourse in Flanders, in Sandberg, L., Bardekjian, A., and Butt, S., (eds), Urban forests, trees and greenspace: A political ecology perspective, pp. 47–60, New York: Routledge.
Watts, R., (2016), ‘Running on empty’: Australia’s neoliberal social security system, 1988–2015, in Mays, J., Marston, G., and Tomlinson, J., Basic income in Australia and New Zealand: Perspectives from the neoliberal frontier, pp. 69–91, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
The Weekend Australian, (1992), Survival of the fittest as dreams finally fade on land, December 26–27 1992.
The Weekend Australian, (1989), Farmers poised for $1m year of lobbying, January 21st–22nd 1989.
The Weekend Australian, (1986), Militant farmers to set political agenda, February 15–16 1986.
The Weekly Times, (1992), Drought plan furore, August 26 1992.
The Weekly Times, (1989), VFF gearing up for total deregulation of grain, January 18 1989.
Wheat Marketing Amendment Act 2008 (Commonwealth).
Wheat Marketing Amendment Act 2012 (Commonwealth).
Wheat Exports Australia, (2012), Submission to the Inquiry into the Wheat Export Marketing Amendment Bill 2012, [online] http://www.aph.gov.au/parliamentary_business/committees/house_of_representatives_committees?url=arff/wheat/subs.htm [Accessed March 26 2014].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
O’Keeffe, P. (2019). Governmentality as a Lens for Analysing Agricultural Restructuring in Australia. In: Making Markets in Australian Agriculture. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3519-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3519-8_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-3518-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-3519-8
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)