Abstract
During the patient’s fetal phase, hydramnios was present, and bone abnormality was detected. The male infant was born transvaginally at the gestational age of 41 weeks and 2 days. Respiratory impairment became worse soon after birth; therefore, mechanical ventilation was performed. Low titers of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (9 IU/L; reference range, 530–1610 IU/L) and bone ALP (BAP) (0 μg/L; reference range, 3.7–20.4 μg/L) were found, and urinary phosphoethanolamine (PEA) (1195 μmol/L; normal range is non-detectable), one substrate of ALP, was detected. Hypomineralization, thin and short forearm bone, fluttering in the metaphyseal regions, and narrow thorax were revealed by X-ray (Fig. 9.1a, b). These indicated that the patient had developed perinatal lethal hypophosphatasia (HPP). Refractory convulsion developed 5 days after birth, which ceased with the administration of pyridoxine. Tracheobronchomalacia frequently appeared from 6 months after birth. To perform definite diagnosis, we extracted DNA from white blood cells and examined the gene analysis of the liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) gene, the causative gene of HPP. As a result, the patient harbored a homozygous mutation in c.1559delT of the ALPL gene (Fig. 9.2) (Taketani T et al. 2015).
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Taketani, T., Oyama, C., Oda, Y., Murphy, L. (2019). Hypophosphatasia. In: Oohashi, T., Tsukahara, H., Ramirez, F., Barber, C., Otsuka, F. (eds) Human Pathobiochemistry. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2977-7_9
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