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Carbon-Containing Polymer Composites pp 65–98Cite as

Surface Modification/Functionalization of Carbon Materials by Different Techniques: An Overview

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Part of the book series: Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials ((SSPCM))

Abstract

Carbon materials have agglomeration tendency because of high van der Wall force of interaction among the carbon particles. This agglomeration tendency has been an obstacle for their application in different fields. In order to reduce this agglomeration tendency and to explore their application areas, different surface modification/functionalization processes have been successfully developed by researchers. Surface functionalization reduces the agglomerating tendency of carbon materials and increases the carbon–polymer interfacial adhesion through covalent or ionic bonds. This chapter aims to depict an overview on the different types of surface functionalization techniques applied to different carbon materials like carbon blacks (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphenes, and fullerenes. The methodology like wet oxidation (oxidation using nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, etc.), dry oxidation (oxidation with air, ozone, plasma, etc.), amidation, silanization, silylation, polymer grafting, polymer wrapping, surfactant adsorption, and encapsulation have been presented with different examples. All the functionalization processes have been highlighted with their specific application. The gathering of different functionalization processes in this chapter will provide deep understanding regarding the selection of a particular technique for specific application.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Phillips Carbon Black Ltd., Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Lalatendu Nayak

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Mostafizur Rahaman

  3. Centre for Biopolymer Science and Technology (CBPST) a Unit of CIPET, Old JNM Campus, FACT Township, Eloor, Udyogamandal P.O., Kochi, 683501, India

    Radhashyam Giri

Authors
  1. Lalatendu Nayak
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  2. Mostafizur Rahaman
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  3. Radhashyam Giri
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Correspondence to Lalatendu Nayak .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mostafizur Rahaman

  2. Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India

    Dipak Khastgir

  3. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Ali Kanakhir Aldalbahi

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Nayak, L., Rahaman, M., Giri, R. (2019). Surface Modification/Functionalization of Carbon Materials by Different Techniques: An Overview. In: Rahaman, M., Khastgir, D., Aldalbahi, A. (eds) Carbon-Containing Polymer Composites. Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2688-2_2

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