Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Energy Performance in Buildings: Standards and Codes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Office Buildings

Part of the book series: Design Science and Innovation ((DSI))

Abstract

The global energy needs are ever expanding, and the building stock in the world takes a 40% share of energy consumption. The energy use by the non-residential buildings is averaged to about 150 kWh/m2, and therefore, any endeavour towards energy-efficient buildings is beneficial to the total energy saving and mitigating climate impacts. This chapter covers national-level regulatory provisions and energy-efficient building codes and programmes, including European Union energy performance of buildings directives, ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1:2016 and country-specific (China, India, Brazil, South Africa) energy conservation codes. The discussion also includes to EU directives on energy-efficient product development, ENERGY STAR program in establishing energy efficiency criteria of products, electrical appliances, lighting types, and the Top Runner program of Japan to improve the energy performance of electrical products. A checklist is included for measuring state energy code compliance concerning building energy consumption. ISO EN 13790:2008 is one of the primary standards applicable to buildings at the design stage and to existing buildings. The chapter includes the specified stepwise calculation procedures for building energy use for space heating and cooling.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, United States Public Law 111–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • ANSI/IES/ASHRAE (2007/2010/2013/2016). 90.1-2016 (I-P)—Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings; Atlanta. http://www.ashrae.org.

  • BCA (Building and Construction Authority). (2008). Singapore, Code on Envelope Thermal Performance for Buildings (pp. 84). https://www.bca.gov.sg/PerformanceBased/others/RETV.pdf.

  • Brazil, ABNT NBR. 15575 (2010). Edifícios Habitacionais de até Cinco Pavimentos–Desempenho (Houses up to 5 Floors-performance.) (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards, Rio de Janeiro).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brazil, ABNT, NBR 15220-3. (2005). Desempenho térmico de edificações—Parte 3: Zoneamento bioclimático brasileiro e diretrizes construtivas para habitações unifamiliares de interesse social, 23 pp. (Thermal Performance in Buildings—part 3: Brazilian bioclimatic Zoning and construction guidelines for detached houses of social interest) (p. 23). (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards, Rio de Janeiro).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brazil, Federal Law 9991–2000, on waiver of R&D tax in the electricity sector.

    Google Scholar 

  • BRAZIL. Federal Law 10.295. National Policy of Conservation and Rational Use of Energy; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • BREEAM. (2014, 2016). Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method, developed by BRE (UK). http://www.breeam.org.

  • Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE). (2008). The Statewise Status of Activities for the Implementation of ECBC. Bureau of Energy Efficiency. http://www.beeindia.in/schemes/schemes.php?id=3.

  • Carlo, J., & Lamberts, R. (2008). Development of envelope efficiency labels for commercial buildings: Effect of different variables on electricity consumption. Energy and Buildings, 40(11), 2002–2008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaturvedi, V., Eom, J., Clarke, L. E., & Shukla, P. R. (2014). Long term building energy demand for India: Disaggregating end use energy services in an integrated assessment modeling framework. Energy Policy, 64, 226–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EN 13363-2, Solar protection devices combined with glazing—Calculation of solar and light transmittance, Part 2: Detailed calculation method. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 15193-1:2007. Energy performance of buildings—Energy requirements for lighting, Part 1: Lighting energy estimation. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 15232:2012. Energy performance of buildings—Impact of Building Automation, Controls and Building Management. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 15241:2007. Ventilation for buildings—Calculation methods for energy requirements due to ventilation systems in buildings. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 15242:2007-09. Ventilation for buildings—Calculation methods for the determination of air flow rates in buildings including infiltration. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 15243:2007. Ventilation for buildings—Calculation of room temperatures and of load and energy for buildings with room conditioning systems—System energy calculation. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 15265:2007. Thermal performance of buildings—Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling—General criteria and validation procedures for detailed calculations. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 15316:2007. Heating systems in buildings—Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies; Part 1: General; Part 2.1: Space heating emission systems; Part 2.2.1: Boilers; Part 2.2.2: Heat pumps; Part 2.2.3: Heating generation—Thermal solar systems; Part 2.2.4: Performance and quality of CHP; Part 2.2.5: Performance and quality of district heating and large volume systems; Part 2.2.6: Performance of other renewables (heat and electricity); Part 2.2.7: Space heating generation—Biomass combustion systems; Part 2.3: Space heating distribution systems; Part 3.1: Domestic hot water systems, characterization of needs (tapping requirements); Part 4–5: Space heating generation systems, the performance and quality of district heating and large volume systems. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 15603:2008. Energy performance of buildings—Overall energy use and definition of energy ratings; European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 410. Glass in buildings—Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • Energy Star―US EPA. http://www.energystar.gov.

  • Energy Star. (2008). Energy Star Compact fluorescent light bulb qualification form (2 p).

    Google Scholar 

  • EU Directive 2000/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, 18 September 2000, on energy efficiency requirements for ballasts for fluorescent lighting.

    Google Scholar 

  • EU Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). Official Journal of the European Union. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2002L0096:20090112:EN:PDF.

  • EU Directive 2005/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2005 Establishing a Framework for the Setting of Ecodesign Requirements for Energy-using Products and Amending Council directive 92/42/EEC and Directives96/57/EC and 2000/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • EU Directive 2006/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of of 5 April 2006 on energy end-use efficiency and energy services and repealing Council Directive 93/76/EEC.

    Google Scholar 

  • EU Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast). Official Journal of the European Union; 18 June 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • EU, EPBD. (2002). Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the energy performance of buildings.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, M., Shui, B., Halverson, M., & Delgado, A. (2010). Enforcing Building Energy Codes in China: Progress and Comparative Lessons. WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • GRIHA, India (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment). (2005). The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, and the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Govt of India.

    Google Scholar 

  • HKBEAM Society. (2003). HK-BEAM: The Hong Kong Building Environmental Assessment Method. http://www.hk-beam.org.hk/general/home.php.

  • http://www.energycodes.gov/arra/compliance_evaluation.stm.

  • https://www.enerevcodes.gov/sites/default/files/documents/MeasuringStateCompliance.pdf.

  • https://www.energycodes.gov/compliance/evaluation/checklists.

  • India, The Energy Conservation (EC) Act 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • India, The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC). (2007). Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE).

    Google Scholar 

  • International Energy Agency. (2015). World Energy Outlook 2015. Paris, France: IEA Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Energy Agency (IEA). (2013). Modernizing Building Energy Codes to Secure our Global Energy Future. http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/PP7BuildingCodes2013WEB.pdf.

  • International Energy Agency (IEA). World Energy Outlook 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 10077-1:2006. Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters—Calculation of thermal transmittance, Part 1: General, International Standards Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 13370:2007. Thermal performance of buildings—Heat transfer via the ground: Calculation methods. International Standards Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 13786:2007. Thermal performance of building components—Dynamic thermal characteristics: Calculation method. International Standards Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 13789:2007. Thermal performance of buildings—Transmission and ventilation heat transfer coefficients: Calculation method. International Standards Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 15099:2003. Thermal performance of windows, doors and shading devices: Detailed calculations. International Standards Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 15927-4:2006. Hygrothermal performance of buildings—Calculation and presentation of climatic data, Part 4: Hourly data for assessing the annual energy use for heating and cooling. International Standards Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 50001:2011. Energy management systems. International Standards Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 6946:2007. Building components and building elements—Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance: Calculation method. International Standards Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 9050:2003. Glass in building—Determination of light transmittance, solar direct transmittance, total solar energy transmittance, ultraviolet transmittance and related glazing factors. International Standards Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO EN 13790:2008. Energy performance of buildings (Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling), International Standards Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson-Hjorth, H. (2013). Swedish compliance system. In Presentation at the getting building codes right: implementation and enforcement (Training Webinar). https://cleanenergysolutions.org/training/getting-building-codes-right-2014.

  • Krarti, M., Erickson, P. M., & Hillman, T. C. (2005). A simplified method to estimate energy savings of artificial lighting use from daylighting. Building and Environment, 40(6), 747–754.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), LEED Version 4 (updated 2016). http://www.usgbc.org/leed.

  • Maldonado, E., Wouters, P. & Panek, A. (2007). Detailed report on certification supporting transportation and implementation of the Directive 2002/91/EC CA—EPBD (2005–2007).

    Google Scholar 

  • Milford. (2009). Implementation of energy efficient building policy in South Africa. The implementation of energy efficient buildings policies in 5 continents. Brussels, Belgium, Oct 14, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • NRC, Natural Resources Canada. Buildings. (2014). http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/efficiency/buildings/4261.

  • NRC, Natural Resources Canada. Energy Efficiency Trends in Canada, 1990 to 2009. (2012). http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/publications/statistics/trends11/chapter4.cfm?attr=0.

  • Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J., González, R., & Maestre, I. R. (2009). A review of benchmarking, rating and labelling concepts within the framework of building energy certification schemes. Energy and Buildings, 41(3), 272–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rawal, R., Vaidya, V., Ghatti, V., Ward, A., Seth, S., Jain, A., et al. (2012). Energy code enforcement for beginners: A tiered approach to energy code in India. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Pacific Grove, CA (pp. 4313–4324).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shui, B., & Nadel, S. (2012). How does China achieve a 95% compliance rate for building energy codes? A discussion about China’s inspection system and compliance rates. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Pacific Grove, CA, (pp 814–826).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shui, B. (2012). Third parties in the implementation of building energy codes in China. Washington, D.C: Institute for Market Transformation, American Council for Energy-Efficient Economy.

    Google Scholar 

  • South Africa (2011). SANS 0204; Energy Efficiency in Buildings.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stellberg, S. (2013). Assessment of energy efficiency achievable from improved compliance with U.S. building energy codes: 2013–2030. Washington, D.C.: Institute for Market Transformation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Top runner program (2008). Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Energy Efficiency and Conservation Division. The Energy Conservation Center, Energy Conservation Equipment Promotion Department (68 p.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulsyan, A., Dhaka, S., Mathur, J., & Yadv, J. V. (2013). Potential of energy savings through implementation of energy conservation building code in Jaipur city, India. Energy and Buildings, 58, 123–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UNDP (2011). Energy Efficiency Improvements in Commercial Buildings. United Nations Development Programme, India: Global Environment Facility Project Document. http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/energyefficiencyimprovementsincommercialbuildingsprojectdocument.pdf.

  • United Nations Environment Programme. Why buildings 2015. http://www.unep.org/sbci/AboutSBCI/Background.asp.

  • US EPAct. (2005). Energy policy act of 2005, United States Public Law 109–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • USA Department of Energy (DOE). (2010). Measuring State Energy Code Compliance, pp. 74; www.Energycodes.gov.

  • USA Department of Energy (DOE). (2013). Compliance and Enforcement Basics. Building Energy Codes Program. http://www.energycodes.gov/compliance/basics.

  • USA Department of Energy. (2012). 2011 Buildings Energy Data Book. Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • USA EISA. (2007). United States Energy Independent and Security Act of 2007, United States Public Law 110–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • EU Energy Efficiency Label (EEL) (98/11/EC, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  • USA, Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, X., Su, Y., & Chen, X. (2014). Application of RELUX simulation to investigate energy saving potential from daylighting in a new educational building in UK. Energy and Buildings, 74, 191–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environment and Disaster Management, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Pranab Kumar Nag

Authors
  1. Pranab Kumar Nag
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Nag, P.K. (2019). Energy Performance in Buildings: Standards and Codes. In: Office Buildings. Design Science and Innovation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2577-9_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2577-9_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-2576-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-2577-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation