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Quorum Sensing Complexity of the Gut Enterobacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica

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Implication of Quorum Sensing System in Biofilm Formation and Virulence

Abstract

The human alimentary canal is the reservoir of a diverse range of bacteria, of which the gram negative strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica mostly present themselves as beneficial and opportunistic pathogens, respectively. The complex environment of the human gut necessitates an adaptation by these bacterial species, which, primarily, is done through interspecies communication mediated by cell-density dependent gene regulation. This phenotype of sensing the quorum a.k.a. quorum sensing (QS), has been shown to play roles in bioluminescence, formation of biofilm, swarming motility and virulence for bacterial species over the years. For E. coli and S. enterica, quorum sensing (QS) a.k.a. intracellular signalling has been mediated by more than one mechanistic pathway involving the proteins and biomolecules such as the autoinducer-1 (AI-1) type LuxR homolog SdiA, AI-2 type LuxS, AI-3 type epinephrine/norepinephrine and/or indole. A usage of these proteins and/or biochemicals in combination is a hint towards their adaption to the influencing factors in the external environmental milieu of the host human gut. Notably, high osmolarity, low or neutral pH and preferred carbon sources affect such adaptation processes. While numerous bioactive compounds like Artemisin, Digoxin, Flavonoids, Ginkgo, Phenols, Punicalagin, Stilbene, Taxol, Vincristine and Vinblastine act as anti-QS products and have been explored, novel brominated N-heterocycles have started gaining importance as new measure for the antimicrobial resistance threats posed by such Enterobacteriaciae.

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Acknowledgments

The author acknowledges the support of Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia for providing the computational facilities and wishes to thank Rohit Mishra for the valuable contribution in developing the art work for the concept provided.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

    Chandrajit Lahiri

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  1. Chandrajit Lahiri
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Correspondence to Chandrajit Lahiri .

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Pallaval Veera Bramhachari

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Lahiri, C. (2018). Quorum Sensing Complexity of the Gut Enterobacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica . In: Pallaval Veera Bramhachari (eds) Implication of Quorum Sensing System in Biofilm Formation and Virulence. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2429-1_15

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