Skip to main content

Tumors and Related Lesions of the Retinal Pigmented Epithelium

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Ocular Oncology

Part of the book series: Retina Atlas ((RA))

Abstract

There are a variety of pigment epithelial tumors, including benign and malignant types. Some are considered congenital such as congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) (solitary and multifocal), congenital simple hamartoma, and torpedo maculopathy. Some are presumed acquired such as adenoma and adenoma of the pigment epithelium. These lesions can clinically simulate malignant tumors, particularly malignant melanoma of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid (Shields and Shields 2015; Shields and Shields 2017a, b, c).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Almeida A, Kaliki S, Shields CL. Autofluorescence of intraocular tumours. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2013;24:222–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arepalli S, Pellegrini M, Ferenczy SR, et al. Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium: findings on enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in eight eyes. Retina. 2014;34:2202–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chamot L, Zografos L, Klainguti G. Fundus changes associated with congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. Am J Ophthalmol. 1993;115:154–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn AD, Quiram PA, Drenser KA, et al. Surgical outcomes of epiretinal membranes associated with combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Retina. 2009;29:825–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fung AT, Pellegrini M, Shields CL. Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium: enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography in 18 cases. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:251–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gass JD. An unusual hamartoma of the pigment epithelium and retina simulating choroidal melanoma and retinoblastoma. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1973;71:171–83.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gass JD. Focal congenital anomalies of the retinal pigment epithelium. Eye (Lond). 1989;3(Pt 1):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1989.2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golchet PR, Jampol LM, Mathura JR, et al. Torpedo maculopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94:302–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mason JO 3rd. Visual improvement after pars plana vitrectomy and membrane peeling for vitreoretinal traction associated with combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Retina. 2002;22:824–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Paula Freitas B, de Oliveira Dias JR, Prazeres J et al. Ocular findings in infants with microcephaly associated with presumed zika virus congenital infection in Salvador, Brazil. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roseman RL, Gass JD. Solitary hypopigmented nevus of the retinal pigment epithelium in the macula. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992;110:1358–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schachat AP, Shields JA, Fine SL, et al. Combined hamartomas of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Ophthalmology. 1984;91:1609–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields JA, Shields CL. Intraocular tumors: an atlas and textbook. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shields CL, Shields JA. The American Society of retina specialists 2016 founders award lecture: retinal tumors: understanding clinical features, oct morphology, and therapy. J Vitreoretin Dis. 2017a;1:10–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shields JA, Shields CL. The development of ocular oncology. Watching a dream come true. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol. 2017b;6:107–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shields JA, Shields CL. Tumors and related lesions of the pigmented epithelium. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol. 2017c;6:215–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shields CL, Shields JA, Cook GR, et al. Differentiation of adenoma of the iris pigment epithelium from iris cyst and melanoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1985;100:678–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields JA, Shields CL, Shah P, Sivalingam V. Partial lamellar sclerouvectomy for ciliary body and choroidal tumors. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:971–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields JA, Shields CL, Shah PG, et al. Lack of association among typical congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, adenomatous polyposis, and Gardner syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:1709–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields JA, Shields CL, Ehya H, et al. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of suspected intraocular tumors. The 1992 Urwick Lecture. Ophthalmology. 1993;100:1677–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields JA, Shields CL, Gunduz K, et al. Adenoma of the ciliary body pigment epithelium: the 1998 Albert Ruedemann, Sr, memorial lecture, Part 1. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999a;117:592–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields JA, Shields CL, Gunduz K, et al. Neoplasms of the retinal pigment epithelium: the 1998 Albert Ruedemann, Sr, memorial lecture, Part 2. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999b;117:601–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields JA, Shields CL, Mercado G, et al. Adenoma of the iris pigment epithelium: a report of 20 cases: the 1998 Pan-American Lecture. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999c;117:736–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields JA, Shields CL, Singh AD. Acquired tumors arising from congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:637–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields JA, Shields CL, Eagle RC, et al. Adenocarcinoma arising from congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001a;119:597–602.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields JA, Shields CL, Slakter J, et al. Locally invasive tumors arising from hyperplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium. Retina. 2001b;21:487–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields CL, Mashayekhi A, Ho T, et al. Solitary congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium: clinical features and frequency of enlargement in 330 patients. Ophthalmology. 2003a;110:1968–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shields CL, Shields JA, Marr BP, et al. Congenital simple hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium: a study of five cases. Ophthalmology. 2003b;110:1005–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shields CL, Materin MA, Karatza EC, et al. Optical coherence tomography of congenital simple hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium. Retina. 2004;24:327–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shields CL, Mashayekhi A, Dai VV, et al. Optical coherence tomographic findings of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium in 11 patients. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005a;123:1746–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shields JA, Mashayekhi A, Ra S, Shields CL. Pseudomelanomas of the posterior uveal tract: the 2006 Taylor R. Smith Lecture. Retina. 2005b;25:767–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shields CL, Materin MA, Walker C, et al. Photoreceptor loss overlying congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium by optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:661–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shields CL, Pirondini C, Bianciotto C, et al. Autofluorescence of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. Retina. 2007;27:1097–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shields CL, Thangappan A, Hartzell K, et al. Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium in 77 consecutive patients visual outcome based on macular versus extramacular tumor location. Ophthalmology. 2008;115:2246–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shields JA, Eagle RC Jr, Shields CL, et al. Malignant transformation of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:2213–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shields CL, Guzman JM, Shapiro MJ, et al. Torpedo maculopathy at the site of the fetal “bulge”. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010;128:499–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shields CL, Kancherla S, Patel J, et al. Clinical survey of 3680 iris tumors based on patient age at presentation. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:407–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shields CL, Pellegrini M, Ferenczy SR, et al. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of intraocular tumors: from placid to seasick to rock and rolling topography--the 2013 Francesco Orzalesi Lecture. Retina. 2014;34:1495–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sridhar J, Shahlaee A, Rahimy E, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Retina. 2016;36(7):e60–2. https://doi.org/10.1097/iae.0000000000000976.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stallman JB. Visual improvement after pars plana vitrectomy and membrane peeling for vitreoretinal traction associated with combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Retina. 2002;22:101–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Traboulsi EI. Ocular manifestations of familial adenomatous polyposis (Gardner syndrome). Ophthalmol Clin N Am. 2005;18:163–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Traboulsi EI, Krush AJ, Gardner EJ, et al. Prevalence and importance of pigmented ocular fundus lesions in Gardner’s syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:661–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Shields, C.L., Shields, J.A. (2019). Tumors and Related Lesions of the Retinal Pigmented Epithelium. In: Rojanaporn, D. (eds) Ocular Oncology. Retina Atlas. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2336-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2336-2_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-2335-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-2336-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics