Abstract
The volume contains nine contributions drawn (with one exception) from presentations given at workshops held by the Centre of Excellence for National Security at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS; Singapore) in 2016 and 2017. These annual workshops bring together some of the foremost practitioners and academics in the field, sharing (mainly to an audience of government officials and practitioners) the essentials of the national CVE (countering violent extremism) systems they work in (or on), as well as what approaches to deradicalisation and disengagement. Contributors were asked to revisit their original remarks, and to take into account feedback and audience response from the syndicate discussions at the workshops. The point was not simply to issue simple conference proceedings, but to provide to government officials, practitioners, and the interested general reader thought-through examinations of current approaches—national, as well as conceptual—to CVE and deradicalisation. As Jayakumar notes, despite the wide variation in approaches (as well as differences between how academics and government officials view these issues) there are certain key connecting strands across many of the contributions. These include the focus on more upstream interventions, either at the level of mentoring, community or social support, or multi-agency information sharing. These appear to hold promise at several levels, not least in the critical pre-radicalised stage. Regular discourse involving all concerned parties—practitioners, officials, and academics—is the sine qua non of making further tangible progress on these issues.
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Notes
- 1.
Schmid, Alex and Jongman, Albert. 1988. Political Terrorism, 2nd edn. Oxford.
- 2.
Horgan, John. 2008. Leaving Terrorism Behind. In Terrorists, Victims and Society, ed. Andrew Silke, 110.
- 3.
Sageman, Marc. 2014. The Stagnation in Terrorism Research. Schmid, Alex. 2014. Comments on Marc Sageman’s Polemic “The Stagnation in Terrorism Research”. In Terrorism and Political Violence 26: 565–580 and 587–595.
- 4.
The exception is Daniel Koehler. Koehler spoke at a separate CENS event, the Asia-Pacific Programme for Senior National Security Officers (APPSNO), in 2015.
- 5.
See Seow Bei Yi. 2018. S’pore still trying to develop right tools to rehabilitate self-radicalised individuals: Shanmugam. The Straits Times, 13 March. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/spore-still-trying-to-develop-right-tools-to-rehabilitate-self-radicalised-individuals
- 6.
See Conti’s discussion further below at Chap. 4.
- 7.
For the Aarhus equivalent, the “InfoHouse,” see Bertelsen, Preben. 2015. Danish Preventive Measures and De-radicalisation Strategies: The Aarhus Model. Panorama:241–244. http://psy.au.dk/fileadmin/Psykologi/Forskning/Preben_Bertelsen/Avisartikler_radikalisering/Panorama.pdf
- 8.
As Rik Coolsaet observes, “…local empowerment is the first step to success in deradicalisation. The importance of identifying the exact nature of local circumstances and the empowerment of local authorities and local communities is one lesson to draw from the experiences of cities such as Aarhus (Denmark), and Vilvoorde and Mechelen (Belgium).” What Coolsaet then goes on to note is also worth summarising here: “Deradicalisation” in this context means reconnecting individuals to the society, with tailor-made approaches having the best chance of succeeding if they are pursued at the local level and if three conditions are met: (1) a personalised approach is offered that sees the person as an individual, (2) the person is receptive to discussion, and (3) perspective is offered with the goal of reconnecting the individual to society. Coolsaet, Rik. 2016. ‘All Radicalisation is Local’: The Genesis and Drawbacks of an Elusive Concept. Egmont Paper 84: 46–47. http://www.egmontinstitute.be/content/uploads/2016/05/ep84.pdf?type=pdf
- 9.
The editor would like to thank Alexandra Bissoondath for her assistance in the preparation of this volume for publication.
- 10.
Horgan, John. 2014. The Psychology of Terrorism, 2nd edn. Routledge. 166–167.
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Jayakumar, S. (2019). Terrorism, Radicalisation, and CVE: Practical Considerations and Concerns. In: Jayakumar, S. (eds) Terrorism, Radicalisation & Countering Violent Extremism. Palgrave Pivot, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1999-0_1
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