Abstract
In spite of identical genetic information, different types of the cells in the body perform their own specific functions. It is the differential expression of the same genome that governs this phenotypic diversity of cells and allows development and functioning of complex organisms. The regulation of gene expression has been extensively studied over the years. A key discovery in this regard was that despite being almost entirely transcribed, only 2% of the genome codes for protein. This revelation triggered a global research into the world of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Advancements in the RNA sequencing technologies and methods of studying RNA–RNA/RNA–DNA and RNA–protein interactions are continuously adding to the pool of cellular RNAs. ncRNAs are highly diverse in terms of their structure and function and can be broadly divided on the basis of their (a) size (small or long) or (b) functions (regulatory or housekeeping). This chapter discusses biogenesis, mode of actions, and cellular functions of both coding and non-coding RNAs (small as well as long ncRNAs).
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Arora, M., Kaul, D. (2018). RNome: Evolution and Nature. In: Cancer RNome: Nature & Evolution. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1568-8_1
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