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Survival Strategies in Extreme Cold and Desiccation pp 355–369Cite as

Cryopreservation of Plant Genetic Resources

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1081))

Abstract

Cryopreservation encompasses several interconnect disciplines including physiology and cryophysics. This chapter reviews the current techniques for cryopreservation of plant genetic resources (PGRs). Vitrification is an effective ice crystal avoidance mechanism for hydrated cells and tissues. With any cryopreservation method, whole or partial parts of specimens which are sufficiently dehydrated can be vitrified by rapid cooling in liquid nitrogen (LN). Techniques discussed are the vitrification protocol, encapsulation-vitrification protocol, droplet vitrification protocol (DV), vitrification protocol using cryo-plates (V cryo-plate), and air dehydration protocol using cryo-plates (D cryo-plate). In these DV, V, and D cryo-plate protocols, specimens to be cryopreserved are immersed directly into LN on aluminum foil strips or cryo-plates; removal from LN to rewarming solution results in a high level of plant regrowth with ultrarapid cooling and warming. The protocols were applied to a wide array of plant species including wild and multi-ploid species, although fine tuning of the protocols was required for successful application to specific plant species and lines. These three protocols efficiently complement each other and appear highly promising to facilitate large-scale cryobanking of PGRs in genebanks. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy makes it possible to examine the cellular and water behavior in plant tissues when immersed in LN. It has been verified that tissues cryopreserved by the process of vitrification and the cryo-plate protocols are cryopreservation methods for reliable long-term preservation of PGRs.

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Abbreviations

Cryo-plate:

Aluminum cryo-plate

Cryo-SEM:

Cryo-scanning electron micro-scopy

D cryo-plate:

Air dehydration protocol using cryo-plates

DV:

Droplet vitrification protocol

EV:

Encapsulation-vitrification pro-tocol

LN:

Liquid nitrogen

LS:

Loading solution

MS medium:

Murashige and Skoog medium

PGRs:

Plant genetic resources

PVS2:

Plant vitrification solution 2

V cryo-plate:

Vitrification protocol using cryo-plates

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan

    Daisuke Tanaka

  2. Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

    Takao Niino

  3. United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences and Department of Plant-biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan

    Matsuo Uemura

Authors
  1. Daisuke Tanaka
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  2. Takao Niino
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  3. Matsuo Uemura
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daisuke Tanaka .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Mari Iwaya-Inoue

  2. Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan

    Minoru Sakurai

  3. United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences and Department of Plant-biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan

    Matsuo Uemura

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Tanaka, D., Niino, T., Uemura, M. (2018). Cryopreservation of Plant Genetic Resources. In: Iwaya-Inoue, M., Sakurai, M., Uemura, M. (eds) Survival Strategies in Extreme Cold and Desiccation. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1081. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_19

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