Abstract
Particle physics is based on quantum field theory. It predicts that all particles have a partner with the same mass but opposite charge, which is called antiparticles. The presence was first confirmed by Carl Anderson in 1932, since then, the antiparticles have been established in various experiments. Today, they can be produced in a laboratory and used for a further quest of the Universe.
It would be natural to imagine that both the particle and antiparticle equally exist in the Universe. However, looking around our Universe, everything is made of the particle. Although the antiparticles like μ + can be observed in the atmosphere they are just secondary particles produced in association with collisions of cosmic rays. No one knows why only the particle is left in the current Universe, which is one of the mysteries our Universe holds. In this chapter, we give a brief introduction to it and explain necessary conditions for creating the asymmetry.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
In the Heisenberg picture, it can be written that \(\langle \mathcal {O}\rangle (t)=\mathrm {Tr}[\rho _0\mathcal {O}(t)]\) with ρ 0 = ρ(t = 0).
- 2.
Respecting the CPT theorem, one would obtain [CPT, ρ eq] = 0 that results from [CPT, H] = 0. Since time-reversal transformation does not change the sign of the baryon number, it leads to (CPT)B(CPT)−1 = −B. Thus, it is concluded that the baryon number cannot be produced. This situation represents that the expression of ρ(t) in thermal equilibrium is not valid.
References
P.A.R. Ade et al. [Planck Collaboration], Astron. Astrophys. 571, A16 (2014) [arXiv:1303.5076 [astro-ph.CO]]
G. Steigman, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 14, 339 (1976)
K. Funakubo, Prog. Theor. Phys. 96, 475 (1996) [hep-ph/9608358]
Based on K. Funakubo’s lecture slides held in the intensive course at Nagoya University on 20–21 June 2013
M. Shaposhnikov, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 171, 012005 (2009)
A.D. Sakharov, Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 5, 32 (1967); [JETP Lett. 5, 24 (1967)]; [Sov. Phys. Usp. 34, 392 (1991)]; [Usp. Fiz. Nauk 161, 61 (1991)]
N.S. Manton, Phys. Rev. D 28, 2019 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.28.2019
F.R. Klinkhamer, N.S. Manton, Phys. Rev. D 30, 2212 (1984)
V.A. Kuzmin, V.A. Rubakov, M.E. Shaposhnikov, Phys. Lett. B 155, 36 (1985)
A.G. Cohen, D.B. Kaplan, A.E. Nelson, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 43, 27 (1993) [hep-ph/9302210]
M. Quiros, hep-ph/9901312
V.A. Rubakov, M.E. Shaposhnikov, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 166, 493 (1996); [Phys. Usp. 39, 461 (1996)] [hep-ph/9603208]
M. Trodden, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 1463 (1999) [hep-ph/9803479]
W. Bernreuther, Lect. Notes Phys. 591, 237 (2002) [hep-ph/0205279]
J.M. Cline, hep-ph/0609145
D.E. Morrissey, M.J. Ramsey-Musolf, New J. Phys. 14, 125003 (2012) [arXiv:1206.2942 [hep-ph]]
T. Konstandin, Phys. Usp. 56, 747 (2013); [Usp. Fiz. Nauk 183, 785 (2013)] [arXiv:1302.6713 [hep-ph]]
A. Riotto, hep-ph/9807454
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fuyuto, K. (2018). Introduction. In: Electroweak Baryogenesis and Its Phenomenology. Springer Theses. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1008-9_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1008-9_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-1007-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-1008-9
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)