Abstract
Simulation of the intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration in animal models is of great interest towards exploration and evaluation of potential regenerative therapeutics. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the biphaisc response of the IVD for different artificial degeneration models. Fifty motion segments were dissected from juvenile sheep lumbar spines. The specimens were assigned equally into 5 groups (i.e., (1) intact (I), (2) punctured with a 16-G needle (P), (3) punctured with a 16-G needle combined with fatigue loading (PF), (4) denatured by injecting 0.5 ml 0.25% trypsin solution (T), and (5) denatured by injecting 0.5 ml 0.25% trypsin solution combined with fatigue loading (TF)). Specimens were mounted in a chamber filled with phosphate buffered saline and underwent a stress-relaxation test. Based on linear biphasic theory, the aggregate modulus (HA) and permeability (k) were extracted. Aggregate modulus decreased in P and T discs but increased in PF discs as compared to intact ones. The difference of the aggregate modulus between TF and intact discs was not significant. Permeability decreased in T, PF and TF discs. The permeability of both PF and TF discs was significantly lower than F and T discs, respectively. It is concluded that proposed artificial degeneration models can be used to investigate potential regenerative therapeutics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Adams, M. A., Stefanakis, M. and Dolan, P., “Healing of a painful intervertebral disc should not be confused with reversing disc degeneration: implications for physical therapies for discogenic back pain”. Clinical Biomechanics, 25 (10), pp. 961–971 (2010).
Chuang, S. Y., Lin, L. C., Tsai, Y. C. and Wang, J. L., “Exogenous crosslinking recovers the functional integrity of intervertebral disc secondary to a stab injury”. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A, 92 (1), pp. 297–302 (2010).
Roberts, S., Menage, J., Sivan, S. and Urban, J. P., “Bovine explant model of degeneration of the intervertebral disc”. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 9, pp. 24 (2008).
Chuang, I.-T., Hsu, Y.-C., Lin, J.-H., Nikkhoo, M. and Wang, J.-L., “Disc rheology changes in degenerated disc model by trypsin and glycation”. Journal of biomechanics, 45, pp. S619 (2012).
Hsu, Y.-C., Kuo, Y.-W., Chang, Y.-C., Nikkhoo, M. and Wang, J.-L., “Rheological and dynamic integrity of simulated degenerated disc and consequences after cross-linker augmentation”. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 38 (23), pp. E1446–E1453 (2013).
Khalaf, K., Nikkhoo, M., Kargar, R. and Najafzadeh, S., “The effect of needle puncture injury on the biomechanical response of intervertebral discs”. Bone and Joint Journal Orthopaedic Proceedings Supplement, 99-B (SUPP 1), pp. 122–122 (2017).
Norcross, J. P., Lester, G. E., Weinhold, P. and Dahners, L. E., “An in vivo model of degenerative disc disease”. J Orthopaed Res, 21 (1), pp. 183–188 (2003).
Simon, B. R., Wu, J. S., Carlton, M. W., Kazarian, L. E., France, E. P., Evans, J. H. and Zienkiewicz, O. C., “Poroelastic dynamic structural models of rhesus spinal motion segments”. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 10 (6), pp. 494–507 (1985).
Nikkhoo, M., Khalaf, K., Kuo, Y.-W., Hsu, Y.-C., Haghpanahi, M., Parnianpour, M. and Wang, J.-L., “Effect of degeneration on fluid–solid interaction within intervertebral disk under cyclic loading–a meta-model analysis of finite element simulations”. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 3 (2015).
Nikkhoo, M., Haghpanahi, M., Wang, J. L. and Parnianpour, M., “A Poroelastic Finite Element Model to Describe the Time-Dependent Response of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc”. Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, 1 (3), pp. 246–251 (2011).
Natarajan, R. N., Williams, J. R. and Andersson, G. B., “Recent advances in analytical modeling of lumbar disc degeneration”. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 29 (23), pp. 2733–2741 (2004).
Nikkhoo, M., Hsu, Y.-C., Haghpanahi, M., Parnianpour, M. and Wang, J.-L., “A meta-model analysis of a finite element simulation for defining poroelastic properties of intervertebral discs”. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 227 (6), pp. 672–82 (2013).
Nikkhoo, M., Hsu, Y.-C., Chuang, I. T., Lin, J.-H., Haghpanahi, M., Parnianpour, M. and Wang, J.-L., “Effect of Loading Mode and Rate on Time-Dependent Response of Intervertebral Disc”. Journal of biomechanics, 45, pp. S614 (2012).
Soltz, M. A. and Ateshian, G. A., “Experimental verification and theoretical prediction of cartilage interstitial fluid pressurization at an impermeable contact interface in confined compression”. Journal of biomechanics, 31 (10), pp. 927–934 (1998).
Beckstein, J. C., Sen, S., Schaer, T. P., Vresilovic, E. J. and Elliott, D. M., “Comparison of animal discs used in disc research to human lumbar disc: axial compression mechanics and glycosaminoglycan content”. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 33 (6), pp. E166–173 (2008).
Kuo, Y. W., Wang, J. L., “Rheology of intervertebral disc: an ex vivo study on the effect of loading history, loading magnitude, fatigue loading, and disc degeneration”. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 35 (16), pp. E743–E752 (2010).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that this study research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial affiliations that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nikkhoo, M., Kargar, R., Khalaf, K. (2019). Biphasic Rheology of Different Artificial Degenerated Intervertebral Discs. In: Lhotska, L., Sukupova, L., Lacković, I., Ibbott, G. (eds) World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering 2018. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 68/2. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9038-7_124
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9038-7_124
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-9037-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-9038-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)