Abstract
The rhizosphere, defined as the volume of soil under the physical, chemical and biological influences of plant roots, is a region of enormous microbial diversity and activity. This microbial activity is essential for plant nutrition and health since it favours the uptake of nutrients by the plant and offers resistance against a wide range of plant pathogens. Bacteria are the main microbial representatives in the rhizosphere, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) stimulate plant growth by multiple mechanisms. In this chapter, we present an overview of the strategies employed by PGPR to exert their beneficial effects on the colonized plants. The direct effects of PGPR on plant growth are mainly derived from their capacity to improve the nutritional status of plants and the production of phytohormones. Alternatively, beneficial rhizospheric bacteria can also promote plant health by protecting plants against pathogens mainly through the induction of systemic resistance and the production of exoenzymes and multiple antagonistic metabolites. Here, special attention has been given to the biosynthesis and biological activities of bioactive volatiles, non-ribosomal peptides and polyketides by PGPR. Finally, the promising use of PGPR-based products as sustainable agricultural practices is discussed.
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Acknowledgements
Miguel A. Matilla was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Postdoctoral Research Program, Juan de la Cierva (JCI-2012-11815). The Tino Krell laboratory is supported by FEDER funds and Fondo Social Europeo through grants from the Junta de Andalucía (grant CVI-7335) and the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness (grant BIO2013-42297). We thank Angel J. Matilla (Department of Plant Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain) for the critical review of this chapter and for his advice on the phytohormone section.
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Matilla, M.A., Krell, T. (2018). Plant Growth Promotion and Biocontrol Mediated by Plant-Associated Bacteria. In: Egamberdieva, D., Ahmad, P. (eds) Plant Microbiome: Stress Response. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 5. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5514-0_3
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