Abstract
One of the key steps in the initiation of atherosclerosis is the adhesion of leukocytes on the activated vascular endothelial cells and their relocation into the vessel wall. This occurs because of the upregulation of the adhesion/attachment particles like vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on the activated vascular endothelial cells and an expanded expression in the vascular mass of chemotactic elements to the monocytes. Similar mechanisms in reverse underlie cancer cell metastasis and other inflammatory disease processes. So interfering with VCAM1 expression could be a valuable approach to prevention and cure of diseases as diverse as atherosclerosis, cancer, graft rejection, etc. The beginnings of RNA interference (RNAi) as a gene knockdown technique symbolize an electrifying improvement in the field of small-molecule nucleic acid-based therapeutics. Present review is focused on the gene VCAM1, as a target for development of potential new therapies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alam AK, Florey O, Weber M, Pillai RG, Chan C, Tan PH, Lechler RI, McClure MO, Haskard DO, George AJ (2006) Knockdown of mouse VCAM-1 by vector-based siRNA. Transpl Immunol 16(3–4):185–193
Allen E, Xie Z, Gustafson AM, Carrington JC (2005) microRNA-directed phasing during trans-acting siRNA biogenesis in plants. Cell 121(2):207–221
Aomatsu E, Chosa N, Nishihira S, Sugiyama Y, Miura H, Ishisaki A (2014) Cell-cell adhesion through N-cadherin enhances VCAM-1 expression via PDGFR beta in a ligand-independent manner in mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Mol Med 33(3):565–572
Barthel SR, Annis DS, Mosher DF, Johansson MW (2006) Differential engagement of modules 1 and 4 of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD106) by integrins alpha4beta1 (CD49d/29) and alphaMbeta2 (CD11b/18) of eosinophils. J Biol Chem 281(43):32175–32187
Besemer J, Harant H, Wang S, Oberhauser B, Marquardt K, Foster CA, Schreiner EP, de Vries JE, Dascher-Nadel C, Lindley IJ (2005) Selective inhibition of cotranslational translocation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Nature 436(7048):290–293
Bochner BS, Luscinskas FW, Gimbrone MA Jr, Newman W, Sterbinsky SA, Derse-Anthony CP, Klunk D, Schleimer RP (1991) Adhesion of human basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils to interleukin 1-activated human vascular endothelial cells: contributions of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. J Exp Med 173(6):1553–1557
Bumcrot D, Manoharan M, Koteliansky V, Sah DW (2006) RNAi therapeutics: a potential new class of pharmaceutical drugs. Nat Chem Biol 2(12):711–719
Campbell DJ, Woodward M, Chalmers JP, Colman SA, Jenkins AJ, Kemp BE, Neal BC, Patel A, MacMahon SW (2006) Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in predicting ischemic stroke in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch Neurol 63(1):60–65
Carlos T, Kovach N, Schwartz B, Rosa M, Newman B, Wayner E, Benjamin C, Osborn L, Lobb R, Harlan J (1991) Human monocytes bind to two cytokine-induced adhesive ligands on cultured human endothelial cells: endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Blood 77(10):2266–2271
Chiu HH, Crowe DT, Renz ME, Presta LG, Jones S, Weissman IL, Fong S (1995) Similar but nonidentical amino acid residues on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 are involved in the interaction with alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 4 beta 7 under different activity states. J Immunol 155(11):5257–5267
Cook-Mills JM (2002) VCAM-1 signals during lymphocyte migration: role of reactive oxygen species. Mol Immunol 39(9):499–508
Costa MF, Bornstein VU, Candea AL, Henriques-Pons A, Henriques MG, Penido C (2012) CCL25 induces alpha(4)beta(7) integrin-dependent migration of IL-17(+) gamma delta T lymphocytes during an allergic reaction. Eur J Immunol 42(5):1250–1260
Cybulsky MI, Fries JW, Williams AJ, Sultan P, Eddy R, Byers M, Shows T, Gimbrone MA Jr, Collins T (1991) Gene structure, chromosomal location, and basis for alternative mRNA splicing of the human VCAM1 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88(17):7859–7863
Dutta P, Hoyer FF, Grigoryeva LS, Sager HB, Leuschner F, Courties G, Borodovsky A, Novobrantseva T, Ruda VM, Fitzgerald K, Iwamoto Y, Wojtkiewicz G, Sun Y, Da Silva N, Libby P, Anderson DG, Swirski FK, Weissleder R, Nahrendorf M (2015) Macrophages retain hematopoietic stem cells in the spleen via VCAM-1. J Exp Med 212(4):497–512
Elbashir SM, Harborth J, Lendeckel W, Yalcin A, Weber K, Tuschl T (2001) Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells. Nature 411(6836):494–498
Fire A, Xu S, Montgomery MK, Kostas SA, Driver SE, Mello CC (1998) Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 391(6669):806–811
Freedman AS, Munro JM, Rice GE, Bevilacqua MP, Morimoto C, McIntyre BW, Rhynhart K, Pober JS, Nadler LM (1990) Adhesion of human B cells to germinal centers in vitro involves VLA-4 and INCAM-110. Science 249(4972):1030–1033
Funk PE, Kincade PW, Witte PL (1994) Native associations of early hematopoietic stem cells and stromal cells isolated in bone marrow cell aggregates. Blood 83(2):361–369
Garcia-Bernal D, Sotillo-Mallo E, Nombela-Arrieta C, Samaniego R, Fukui Y, Stein JV, Teixido J (2006) DOCK2 is required for chemokine-promoted human T lymphocyte adhesion under shear stress mediated by the integrin alpha4beta1. J Immunol 177(8):5215–5225
Garmy-Susini B, Jin H, Zhu Y, Sung RJ, Hwang R, Varner J (2005) Integrin alpha4beta1-VCAM-1-mediated adhesion between endothelial and mural cells is required for blood vessel maturation. J Clin Invest 115(6):1542–1551
Golden DE, Gerbasi VR, Sontheimer EJ (2008) An inside job for siRNAs. Mol Cell 31(3):309–312
Harris TA, Yamakuchi M, Ferlito M, Mendell JT, Lowenstein CJ (2008) MicroRNA-126 regulates endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(5):1516–1521
Hession C, Tizard R, Vassallo C, Schiffer SB, Goff D, Moy P, Chi-Rosso G, Luhowskyj S, Lobb R, Osborn L (1991) Cloning of an alternate form of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1). J Biol Chem 266(11):6682–6685
Huang J, Zhang J, Li H, Lu Z, Shan W, Mercado-Uribe I, Liu J (2013) VCAM1 expression correlated with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Am J Transl Res 5(3):336–346
Khachigian LM, Collins T, Fries JW (1995) Nuclear factor-kappa B mediates induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in glomerular mesangial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 206(2):462–467
Kilger G, Needham LA, Nielsen PJ, Clements J, Vestweber D, Holzmann B (1995) Differential regulation of alpha 4 integrin-dependent binding to domains 1 and 4 of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. J Biol Chem 270(11):5979–5984
Klemke M, Weschenfelder T, Konstandin MH, Samstag Y (2007) High affinity interaction of integrin alpha4beta1 (VLA-4) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) enhances migration of human melanoma cells across activated endothelial cell layers. J Cell Physiol 212(2):368–374
Kon S, Atakilit A, Sheppard D (2011) Short form of alpha9 promotes alpha9beta1 integrin-dependent cell adhesion by modulating the function of the full-length alpha9 subunit. Exp Cell Res 317(12):1774–1784
Kowalski PS, Lintermans LL, Morselt HW, Leus NG, Ruiters MH, Molema G, Kamps JA (2013) Anti-VCAM-1 and anti-E-selectin SAINT-O-Somes for selective delivery of siRNA into inflammation-activated primary endothelial cells. Mol Pharm 10(8):3033–3044
Lee IT, Shih RH, Lin CC, Chen JT, Yang CM (2012) Role of TLR4/NADPH oxidase/ROS-activated p38 MAPK in VCAM-1 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in human renal mesangial cells. Cell Commun Signal 10(1):33
Lessner SM, Prado HL, Waller EK, Galis ZS (2002) Atherosclerotic lesions grow through recruitment and proliferation of circulating monocytes in a murine model. Am J Pathol 160(6):2145–2155
Lippman Z, Martienssen R (2004) The role of RNA interference in heterochromatic silencing. Nature 431(7006):364–370
Lu TT, Cyster JG (2002) Integrin-mediated long-term B cell retention in the splenic marginal zone. Science 297(5580):409–412
Manka DR, Wiegman P, Din S, Sanders JM, Green SA, Gimple LW, Ragosta M, Powers ER, Ley K, Sarembock IJ (1999) Arterial injury increases expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules in the carotid arteries of apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. J Vasc Res 36(5):372–378
Mello CC, Conte D Jr (2004) Revealing the world of RNA interference. Nature 431(7006):338–342
Neish AS, Williams AJ, Palmer HJ, Whitley MZ, Collins T (1992) Functional analysis of the human vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 promoter. J Exp Med 176(6):1583–1593
Olson EN, Srivastava D (1996) Molecular pathways controlling heart development. Science 272(5262):671–676
Osborn L, Hession C, Tizard R, Vassallo C, Luhowskyj S, Chi-Rosso G, Lobb R (1989) Direct expression cloning of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, a cytokine-induced endothelial protein that binds to lymphocytes. Cell 59(6):1203–1211
Pan F, Yang T-L, Chen X-D, Chen Y, Gao G, Liu Y-Z, Pei Y-F, Sha B-Y, Jiang Y, Xu C, Recker RR, Deng H-W (2010) Impact of female cigarette smoking on circulating B cells in vivo: the suppressed ICOSLG, TCF3, and VCAM1 gene functional network may inhibit normal cell function. Immunogenetics 62(4):237–251
Petersen EJ, Miyoshi T, Yuan Z, Hirohata S, Li JZ, Shi W, Angle JF (2008) siRNA silencing reveals role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Atherosclerosis 198(2):301–306
Qu Y, Shi X, Zhang H, Sun W, Han S, Yu C, Li J (2009) VCAM-1 siRNA reduces neointimal formation after surgical mechanical injury of the rat carotid artery. J Vasc Surg 50(6):1452–1458
Radecke CE, Warrick AE, Singh GD, Rogers JH, Simon SI, Armstrong EJ (2015) Coronary artery endothelial cells and microparticles increase expression of VCAM-1 in myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost 113(3):605–616
Rice GE, Bevilacqua MP (1989) An inducible endothelial cell surface glycoprotein mediates melanoma adhesion. Science 246(4935):1303–1306
Rice GE, Munro JM, Corless C, Bevilacqua MP (1991) Vascular and nonvascular expression of INCAM-110. A target for mononuclear leukocyte adhesion in normal and inflamed human tissues. Am J Pathol 138(2):385–393
Ruegg C, Postigo AA, Sikorski EE, Butcher EC, Pytela R, Erle DJ (1992) Role of integrin alpha 4 beta 7/alpha 4 beta P in lymphocyte adherence to fibronectin and VCAM-1 and in homotypic cell clustering. J Cell Biol 117(1):179–189
Shin J, Kim J, Ryu B, Chi SG, Park H (2006) Caveolin-1 is associated with VCAM-1 dependent adhesion of gastric cancer cells to endothelial cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 17(5–6):211–220
Simionescu M, Simionescu N (1993) Proatherosclerotic events: pathobiochemical changes occurring in the arterial wall before monocyte migration. FASEB J 7(14):1359–1366
Singh RJ, Mason JC, Lidington EA, Edwards DR, Nuttall RK, Khokha R, Knauper V, Murphy G, Gavrilovic J (2005) Cytokine stimulated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) ectodomain release is regulated by TIMP-3. Cardiovasc Res 67(1):39–49
Slack-Davis JK, Atkins KA, Harrer C, Hershey ED, Conaway M (2009) Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is a regulator of ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis. Cancer Res 69(4):1469–1476
Springer TA (1994) Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multistep paradigm. Cell 76(2):301–314
Springer TA (1995) Traffic signals on endothelium for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration. Annu Rev Physiol 57:827–872
Sun H-J, Zhao M-X, Liu T-Y, Ren X-S, Chen Q, Li Y-H, Kang Y-M, Zhu G-Q (2016) Salusin-β induces foam cell formation and monocyte adhesion in human vascular smooth muscle cells via miR155/NOX2/NFκB pathway. Sci Rep 6:23596
Taichman DB, Cybulsky MI, Djaffar I, Longenecker BM, Teixido J, Rice GE, Aruffo A, Bevilacqua MP (1991) Tumor cell surface alpha 4 beta 1 integrin mediates adhesion to vascular endothelium: demonstration of an interaction with the N-terminal domains of INCAM-110/VCAM-1. Cell Regul 2(5):347–355
Vazquez F, Vaucheret H, Rajagopalan R, Lepers C, Gasciolli V, Mallory AC, Hilbert JL, Bartel DP, Crete P (2004) Endogenous trans-acting siRNAs regulate the accumulation of Arabidopsis mRNAs. Mol Cell 16(1):69–79
Walker T, Wendel HP, Tetzloff L, Raabe C, Heidenreich O, Simon P, Scheule AM, Ziemer G (2007) Inhibition of adhesion molecule expression on human venous endothelial cells by non-viral siRNA transfection. J Cell Mol Med 11(1):139–147
Walker T, Siegel J, Nolte A, Hartmann S, Kornberger A, Steger V, Wendel HP (2011) Small interfering RNA efficiently suppresses adhesion molecule expression on pulmonary microvascular endothelium. J Nucleic Acids 2011:694789
Walsh GM, Symon FA, Lazarovils AL, Wardlaw AJ (1996) Integrin alpha 4 beta 7 mediates human eosinophil interaction with MAdCAM-1, VCAM-1 and fibronectin. Immunology 89(1):112–119
Wang PC, Weng CC, Hou YS, Jian SF, Fang KT, Hou MF, Cheng KH (2014) Activation of VCAM-1 and its associated molecule CD44 leads to increased malignant potential of breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 15(3):3560–3579
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi [Project No. BT/PR10694/AGR/36/587/2008], University Grants Commission, New Delhi [F.14-2(SC)/2009 (SA-III)] and the grant from DBT Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Programme for Advance Research and Education [DBT-IPLS Project No BT/PR4548/INF/22/146/2012]; Punjabi University, Patiala.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kapoor, D., Balgir, P.P. (2018). Silencing Human VCAM 1 Gene. In: Gahlawat, S., Duhan, J., Salar, R., Siwach, P., Kumar, S., Kaur, P. (eds) Advances in Animal Biotechnology and its Applications. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4702-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4702-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-4701-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-4702-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)