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Differentiation, Regulation and Function of Th9 Cells

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T Helper Cell Differentiation and Their Function

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 841))

Abstract

Naïve CD4+ T cells are activated and differentiate to distinct lineages of T helper (Th) cells, which are involved in physiological and pathological processes by obtaining the potential to produce different lineage-specific cytokines that mediate adaptive immunity. In the past decade, our knowledge of Th cells has been significantly expanded with the findings of new lineages. Interleukin (IL)-9 producing T cells are recently identified. In consideration of the ability to preferentially secret IL-9, these cells are termed Th9 cells. Given the multiple function of IL-9, Th9 cells participate in the lesion of many diseases, such as allergic inflammation, tumor, and parasitosis. In this chapter, we will focus on the cytokines, co-stimulatory factors, and transcriptional signaling pathways, which regulate Th9 cells development as well as stability, plasticity, and the multiple roles of Th9 cells in vivo.

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Abbreviations

APC:

Antigen presenting cell

IL:

Interleukin

CNS:

Conserved non-coding sequences

TSS:

Transcription starting site

Th:

T helper

Treg:

Regulatory T cell

iTreg:

Inducible regulatory T cell

IFN-γ:

Interferon γ

ILC:

Innate lymphoid cell

NKT:

Natural killer T cell

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

TCR:

T cell receptor

PBMC:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell

EAE:

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

AHR:

Airway Hyper-responsiveness

Der f:

Dermatophagoides farina

RA:

Rheumatoid Arthritis

MPE:

Malignant pleural effusion

AD:

Atopic Dermatitis

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor κB

PDK1:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 1

TNFRF:

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily

CGRP:

Calcitonin gene-related peptide

PD-L2:

Programmed cell death ligand 2

HEL:

Hen egg lysozyme

OVA:

Ovalbumin

JAK:

Janus kinase

STAT:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription

GATA:

GATA binding protein

IRF:

Interferon response factor

CIS:

Cytokine-induced SH-2 protein

SOCS:

Suppressor of cytokine signaling

Foxp3:

Forkhead box protein 3

NICD:

Notch intracellular domain

Sfpi:

Spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) proviral integration oncogene

HAT:

Histone acetyltransferase

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

NFAT:

Nuclear factor of activated T cells

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

BCL6:

B cell lymphoma6

MHC II:

Major histocompatibility complex class II

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control Research of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74th, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China

    Lei Jia & Changyou Wu

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  1. Lei Jia
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  2. Changyou Wu
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Correspondence to Changyou Wu .

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  1. Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

    Bing Sun

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Jia, L., Wu, C. (2014). Differentiation, Regulation and Function of Th9 Cells. In: Sun, B. (eds) T Helper Cell Differentiation and Their Function. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 841. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9487-9_7

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