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The Earth's Hydrological Cycle pp 491–513Cite as

Review of Understanding of Earth’s Hydrological Cycle: Observations, Theory and Modelling

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Part of the book series: Space Sciences Series of ISSI ((SSSI,volume 46))

Abstract

Water is our most precious and arguably most undervalued natural resource. It is essential for life on our planet, for food production and economic development. Moreover, water plays a fundamental role in shaping weather and climate. However, with the growing global population, the planet’s water resources are constantly under threat from overuse and pollution. In addition, the effects of a changing climate are thought to be leading to an increased frequency of extreme weather causing floods, landslides and drought. The need to understand and monitor our environment and its resources, including advancing our knowledge of the hydrological cycle, has never been more important and apparent. The best approach to do so on a global scale is from space. This paper provides an overview of the major components of the hydrological cycle, the status of their observations from space and related data products and models for hydrological variable retrievals. It also lists the current and planned satellite missions contributing to advancing our understanding of the hydrological cycle on a global scale. Further details of the hydrological cycle are substantiated in several of the other papers in this Special Issue.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ESA/ESRIN, Frascati, Italy

    Michael Rast

  2. Nansen Environmental & Remote Sensing Center (NERSC), Bergen, Norway

    Johnny Johannessen

  3. Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Wolfram Mauser

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  1. Michael Rast
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  2. Johnny Johannessen
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  3. Wolfram Mauser
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Correspondence to Michael Rast .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. International Space Science Institute, Hallerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland

    Lennart Bengtsson , R.-M. Bonnet  & M. Calisto ,  & 

  2. Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden

    G. Destouni

  3. University of Reading, Earley Gate 3, RG6 6AL, Reading, United Kingdom

    R. Gurney

  4. Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Thormøhlens gate 47, 5006, Bergen, Norway

    J. Johannessen

  5. Center for the Study of the Biosphere from Space, Avenue Edouard Belin 18, 31401, Toulouse, France

    Y. Kerr

  6. Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2027, Kjeller, Norway

    W.A. Lahoz

  7. ESA-ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, 00044, Frascati, Italy

    M. Rast

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Rast, M., Johannessen, J., Mauser, W. (2014). Review of Understanding of Earth’s Hydrological Cycle: Observations, Theory and Modelling. In: Bengtsson, L., et al. The Earth's Hydrological Cycle. Space Sciences Series of ISSI, vol 46. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8789-5_2

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