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Persistent Plant Viruses: Molecular Hitchhikers or Epigenetic Elements?

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Book cover Viruses: Essential Agents of Life

Abstract

Many plants harbor persistent cytoplasmic viruses that are not transmitted horizontally and do not move from cell to cell. These viruses have extensive longevity within individual plant cultivars. Based on phylogenetic evidence they appear to undergo rare transmission events between plants and fungi. Very few functions have been attributed to persistent viruses in plants, but their longevity and protection from the plant’s immune system suggest that they provide a selective advantage for their hosts, at least under some conditions. In addition, some persistent plant virus sequences have been found in plant genomes and are expressed as functional genes. Hence, rather than simply molecular hitchhikers, they may be cytoplasmic epigenetic elements that could provide genetic information to their plant hosts.

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Acknowledgements

The author thanks Dr. X. Bao for careful reading of the manuscript, and Dr. L. Márquez for art work. This work was supported in part by the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation; the Pennsylvania State University; the National Science Foundation grant numbers EF-0627108, EPS-0447262, IOS-0950579 and IOS-1157148; and the United States Department of Agriculture grant number OKLR-2007-01012.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, W229A Millennium Science Complex, University Park, 16802, PA, USA

    Marilyn J. Roossinck Ph.D. (Adjunct Professor)

  2. Murdoch University, 6150, Perth, Western Australia

    Marilyn J. Roossinck Ph.D. (Adjunct Professor)

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  1. Marilyn J. Roossinck Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Marilyn J. Roossinck Ph.D. .

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  1. Telos - Philosophische Praxis, Vogelsangstr. 18c, Bürmoos, 5111, Austria

    Günther Witzany

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Roossinck, M.J. (2012). Persistent Plant Viruses: Molecular Hitchhikers or Epigenetic Elements?. In: Witzany, G. (eds) Viruses: Essential Agents of Life. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4899-6_8

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