Abstract
Traveling or mobility helps people satisfy a number of needs and creates conditions for the households to shape their own activity patterns. Traveling can also serve other functions than the purely logical ones. Travel targets and means both function as social markers and the traveling can also own a value in itself, in that it can offer the concrete possibility of escaping from something or creating an opportunity for recovery and adaptation between different settings.
Chapter written by Mattias Höjer.
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Notes
- 1.
Berge, G. et al. “Velferdsvirkninger af redusert mobilitet” (Welfare effects of reduced mobility), 1992.
- 2.
Steen, P. et al. Färder i framtiden, 1997.
- 3.
Frändberg, L. Fritidens globalisering ur ett rörlighetsperspektiv (Globalization of leisure travel from a mobility perspective), 2000, p. 7.
- 4.
Höjer, M. and Mattsson, L.-G. Determinism and backcasting in future studies, 2000.
- 5.
Bergman, B. et al. Hot eller bot? (Threat or cure?), 2002, pp. 86ff.
- 6.
Forty-six percent said the car was the usual travel means, followed by 37% indicating public transport, 8% bicycles, 8% walking, 1% carpooling and 0.2% indicated other means. A number of pros and cons could be listed.
- 7.
Fifty-eight percent of public transport users aver that it is an inexpensive transport means. Nearly as many or 55% think that it is comfortable to travel on public transport. However, the advantage most often brought forth by the respondents is that public transport is good for the environment – 63% say so while less than 1% think cars are good for the environment.
- 8.
Sixty-four percent of the bicycle users see it as good for health, 43% that it is inexpensive and 38% that it is comfortable. The environmental gain is stated as an advantage by 49%.
- 9.
Steen et al. 1997.
- 10.
Gullberg et al. Bilder av framtidsstaden, 2007, Chap. 28.
- 11.
Ellegård, K. “Vardagslivets valfrihet – om energianvändning, vardagsliv och bebyggelsemönster” (Freedom of choice in everyday life – …), 2004.
- 12.
For sources, see Table 13.1.
- 13.
According to Chap. 27 the total energy by Swedish residents is app. 350 TWh.
- 14.
Newman, P and Kenworthy, J. Sustainability and Cities, 1999.
- 15.
Data taken from the National Travel Survey, RES, annual average 1999–2001, travel means from the measurement day.
- 16.
The number of private cars in Stockholm City was 363 per 1,000 residents at the end of the year 2009. The comparable figure for the county was 393 and for the country 461. Source: Statistics Sweden 2010.
- 17.
SIKA, Luftfart 2004 (Aviation), 2005.
- 18.
IPCC, Aviation and the global atmosphere, 1999.
- 19.
In a number of studies of future transport done at the Environmental strategies research group, (later the Division of Environmental Strategic Analysis, Royal Institute of Technology), images of a sustainable transport system in Sweden have been prepared. Examples include Steen et al. 1997, Åkerman, J. et al. Destination framtiden (Destination future), 2000; Höjer, M. What is the point of IT? 2000; Höjer, M. “Telecommunicators in the multinuclear city”, 2001, Åkerman, J. and Höjer, M. How much transport can the climate stand? Sweden on a sustainable path in 2050, 2006 and Åkerman J. Transport systmes meeting long-term climate targets, 2011.
- 20.
Höjer, M. A hundred nodes in the Stockholm region, 2002.
- 21.
Höjer 2001.
- 22.
Steen et al. 1997.
- 23.
Ibid.
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Höjer, M., Gullberg, A., Pettersson, R. (2011). Travel. In: Images of the Future City. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0653-8_13
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