Abstract
The important mechanisms by which soft collagenous tissues such as ligament and tendon respond to mechanical deformation include non-linear elasticity, viscoelasticity and poroelasticity. These contributions to the mechanical response are modulated by the content and morphology of structural proteins such as type I collagen and elastin, other molecules such as glycosaminoglycans, and fluid. Our ligament and tendon constructs, engineered from either primary cells or bone marrow stromal cells and their autogenous matricies, exhibit histological and mechanical characteristics of native tissues of different levels of maturity. In order to establish whether the constructs have optimal mechanical function for implantation and utility for regenerative medicine, constitutive relationships for the constructs and native tissues at different developmental levels must be established. A micromechanical model incorporating viscoelastic collagen and non-linear elastic elastin is used to describe the non-linear viscoelastic response of our homogeneous engineered constructs in vitro. This model is incorporated within a finite element framework to examine the heterogeneity of the mechanical responses of native ligament and tendon.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Arms S, Boyle J, Johnson R, Pope M (1983) Strain measurement in the medial collateral ligament of the human knee: An autopsy study. J Biomech 16(7):491
Arruda EM, Boyce MC (1993) A three-dimensional constitutive model for the large stretch behavior of rubber elastic materials. J Mech Phys Solid 41(2):389
Arruda EM, Mundy K, Clave SC, Baar K (2006) Regional variation of tibialis anterior tendon mechanics is lost following denervation. J Appl Phys 53(4):1113–1117
Bischoff JE, Arruda EM, Grosh K (2002a) A microstructurally based orthotropic hyperelastic constitutive law. J Appl Mech 69:570–579
Bischoff JE, Arruda EM, Grosh K (2002b) Orthotropic hyperelasticity in terms of an arbitrary molecular chain model. J Appl Mech 69(4):198–201
Calve SC, Dennis RG, Kosnik P, Baar K, Groash K, Arruda EM (2004) Engineering of functional tendon. Tissue Eng 10(5,6):755–761
Garikipati K, Arruda EM, Grosh K, Narayanan H, Calve SC (2004) A continuum treatment of growth in biological tissue: Mass transport coupled with mechanics. J Mech Phys Solids 52(7):1595–1625
Larkin LM, Calve SC, Kostrominova TY, Arruda EM (2006) Structure and functional evaluation of tendon-skeletal muscle constructs engineered in vitro. Tissue Eng 12(11):3149–3158
Ma J, Goble K, Smietana M, Kostrominova T, Larkin L, Arruda EM (2008) Morphological and functional characteristics of three-dimensional engineered bone-ligament-bone constructs following implantation. J Biomech Eng (submitted)
MacKintosh FC, Kas J, Janmey PA (1995) Elasticity of semiflexible biopolymer networks. Phys Rev Lett 75:4425
Mendias CL, Bakhurin KI, Faulkner JA (2001) Tendons of myostatin-deficient mice are small, brittle, and hypocellular. PNAS 105(1):388–393
Narayanan H (2007) Ph.D. Thesis: A continuum theory of multiphase mixtures for modelling biological growth, in Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Narayanan H, Arruda EM, Grosh K, Garikipati K (2004) The micromechanics of fluid–solid interactions during growth in porous soft biological tissue. J Mech Phys Solid 52:1595–1625
Palmer JS, Boyce MC (2008) Constitutive modeling of the stress–strain behavior of F-actin filament networks. Acta Biomater 4:597–612
Syed-Picard FN, Larkin LM, Shaw CM, Arruda EM (2009) Three-dimensional engineered bone from bone marrow stromal cells and their autogenous extracellular matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 15(1):187–195
Thomopoulos S, Marquez JP, Weinberger B, Birman V, Genin GM (2006) Collagen fiber orientation at the tendon to bone insertion and its influence on stress concentrations. J Biomech 39:1842
Treloar LRG (2005) The physics of rubber elasticity. Oxford University Press
Warren LF, Marshall JL, Girgus F (1974) The prime static stabilizer of the medial side of the knee. J Bone Jt Surg 56(A):665
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ma, J., Narayanan, H., Garikipati, K., Grosh, K., Arruda, E.M. (2010). Experimental and Computational Investigation of Viscoelasticity of Native and Engineered Ligament and Tendon. In: Garikipati, K., Arruda, E. (eds) IUTAM Symposium on Cellular, Molecular and Tissue Mechanics. IUTAM Bookseries, vol 16. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3348-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3348-2_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-3347-5
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-3348-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)